Python Socket编程详细介绍
在使用Python做socket编程时,由于需要使用阻塞(默认)的方式来读取数据流,此时对于数据的结束每次都需要自己处理,太麻烦。并且网上也没找到太好的封装,所以就自己写了个简单的封装。
封装思路
1. 客户端每次请求均发送一个 SocketRequest 对象,其中封装具体的数据,这里使用json。对于要发送的数据,会自动添加一个结束符标识(EOF = ‘0x00')。
2. 服务器端接收数据时,根据结束符标识来生成完整的数据,并解包成 SocketRequest 对象。
3. 服务器端根据 SocketRequest 的内容,来生成 SocketResponse 对象,这里使用了一个 SimpleRequestHandler 类来处理,例子中就是没有做任何处理,然后原样返回。
4. 服务器端发送 SocketResponse 给客户端。其中也需要对包做一个封装,会自动添加一个结束符标识(EOF = ‘0x00')。
5. 客户接收数据时,根据结束符标识来生成完整的数据,并解包成 SocketResponse 对象,然后返回。
封装类
sockets.py
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import socket import pickle import thread PORT = 12345 EOF = '0x00' class SocketServer(object): def __init__(self, port=None): self.port = port def startup(self): sock_server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) sock_server.bind(('0.0.0.0', self.port)) sock_server.listen(0) while True: sock, address = sock_server.accept() thread.start_new_thread(self.__invoke, (sock, address)) def shutdown(self): pass def __invoke(self, sock, address): try: full_data = '' while True: data = sock.recv(1024) if data is None: return full_data += data if full_data.endswith(EOF): full_data = full_data[0:len(full_data) - len(EOF)] request = pickle.loads(full_data) response = SimpleRequestHandler().handle(request) sock.sendall(pickle.dumps(response) + EOF) return except Exception as e: print e finally: sock.close() class SocketClient(object): def __init__(self, host, port): self.host = host self.port = port def execute(self, request): sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) sock.connect((self.host, self.port)) try: sock.sendall(pickle.dumps(request) + EOF) full_data = '' while True: data = sock.recv(1024) if data: full_data += data if full_data.endswith(EOF): full_data = full_data[0:len(full_data) - len(EOF)] response = pickle.loads(full_data) return response else: return None except Exception as e: print e return None finally: sock.close() class SocketRequest(object): def __init__(self, data): self.data = data def __repr__(self): return repr(self.__dict__) class SocketResponse(object): def __init__(self, data): self.data = data def __repr__(self): return repr(self.__dict__) class SimpleRequestHandler(object): def __init__(self): pass def __repr__(self): return repr(self.__dict__) def handle(self, request): return SocketResponse(request.data)
测试
socket_server.py
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from agent.sockets import * ss = SocketServer(PORT) ss.startup()
socket_client.py
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import pickle from agent.sockets import * sc = SocketClient('localhost', PORT) request = SocketRequest('abc') response = sc.execute(request) print request print response
运行测试
首先,运行 socket_server.py
然后,运行 socket_client.py
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