Android每周一轮子:EventBus

前言

开篇要说声sorry,限于各种原因,Okhttp的下篇和OKIO要delay 了,本周先来一个简单一些的。

EventBus 是一个基于观察者模式的事件发布/订阅框架,开发者可以通过极少的代码去实现多个模块之间的通信,而不需要以层层传递接口的形式去单独构建通信桥梁。从而降低因多重回调导致的模块间强耦合,同时避免产生大量内部类。其可以很好的应用于Activity之间,Fragment之间,后台线程之间的通信,避免使用intent或者handler所带来的复杂度。其缺点则是可能会造成接口的膨胀。特别是当程序要求大量形式各异的通知,而没有做出良好的抽象时,代码中会包含大量的接口,接口数量的增长又会带来命名、注释等等一大堆问题。本质上说观察者要求从零开始实现事件的产生、分发与处理过程,这就要求参与者必须对整个通知过程有着良好的理解。当程序代码适量时,这是一个合理的要求,然而当程序太大时,这将成为一种负担。

EventBus基于观察者模式的Android事件分发总线。

Android每周一轮子:EventBus

EventBus基本使用

1.定义消息事件MessageEvent,也就是创建事件类型

public class MessageEvent {
    public final String message;
    public MessageEvent(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }
}

2.注册观察者并订阅事件

选择要订阅该事件的订阅者(subscriber),Activity即在onCreate()加入,调用EventBus的register方法,注册。

EventBus.getDefault().register(this);

在不需要接收事件发生时可以

EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);

在订阅者里需要用注解关键字 @Subscribe来告诉EventBus使用什么方法处理event。

@Subscribe
public void onMessageEvent(MessageEvent event) {
    Toast.makeText(this, event.message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

注意方法只能被public修饰,在EventBus3.0之后该方法名字就可以自由的取了,之前要求只能是onEvent().

3.发送事件

通过EventBus的post方法,发出我们要传递的事件。

EventBus.getDefault().post(new MessageEvent("HelloEveryone"));

这样选择的Activity就会接收到该事件,并且触发onMessageEvent方法。

EventBus源码解析

了解了对于EventBus的基础使用,解析来,我们针对其基础使用的调用流程,来了解EventBus的实现流程和源码细节。

注册观察者

Android每周一轮子:EventBus

EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
  • getDefault()

EventBus.getDefault()是一个单例,实现如下:

public static EventBus getDefault() {  
   if (defaultInstance == null) {  
       synchronized (EventBus.class) {  
           if (defaultInstance == null) {  
               defaultInstance = new EventBus();  
           }  
       }  
   }  
   return defaultInstance;  
}

保证了App单个进程中只会有一个EventBus实例。

  • register(Object subscriber)
public void register(Object subscriber) {
    Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
    List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass);
    synchronized (this) {
        for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
            subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
        }
    }
}

register方法中,首先获得订阅实例的类,然后调用SubscriberMethodFinder实例的findSubscriberMethods方法来找到该类中订阅的相关方法,然后对这些方法调用订阅方法。注册的过程涉及到两个问题,一个是如何查找注册方法?另一个是如何将这些方法进行存储,方便后面的调用?

SubscriberMethodFinder是如何从实例中查找到相关的注册方法的呢?

List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
    //根据类信息丛缓存中查找订阅方法
    List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = METHOD_CACHE.get(subscriberClass);
    if (subscriberMethods != null) {
        return subscriberMethods;
    }
    
    //查找注册方法    
    if (ignoreGeneratedIndex) {
        subscriberMethods = findUsingReflection(subscriberClass);
    } else {
        subscriberMethods = findUsingInfo(subscriberClass);
    }
    
    //将得到的订阅方法加入到缓存中
    if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
        throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass
                + " and its super classes have no public methods with the @Subscribe annotation");
    } else {
        METHOD_CACHE.put(subscriberClass, subscriberMethods);
        return subscriberMethods;
    }
}

首先从缓存的方法中,通过Class作为Key进行查找,如何查找内容为空,则会调用findUsingReflection或者findUsingInfo来从相关类中查找,得到注册的方法列表之后,将其添加到缓存之中。

缓存的数据结构如下:

Map<Class<?>, List<SubscriberMethod>> METHOD_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

订阅方法

private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod) {
     //获取订阅方法要监听的事件类型
    Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType;
    
    Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
    
    //根据事件类型查找相应的订阅者
    CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
    
    //如果不存在该事件类型,则创建,如果已经包含该订阅者,抛出异常
    if (subscriptions == null) {
        subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
        subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);
    } else {
        if (subscriptions.contains(newSubscription)) {
            throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event "
                    + eventType);
        }
    }

    //获得该事件类型的订阅者列表,根据其优先级确定当前插入者的位置
    int size = subscriptions.size();
    for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {
        if (i == size || subscriberMethod.priority > subscriptions.get(i).subscriberMethod.priority) {
            subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
            break;
        }
    }

    //在该注册者中加入对应的监听事件类型
    List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
    if (subscribedEvents == null) {
        subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<>();
        typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);
    }
    subscribedEvents.add(eventType);

    //黏性事件处理
    if (subscriberMethod.sticky) {
        if (eventInheritance) {
            Set<Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object>> entries = stickyEvents.entrySet();
            for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object> entry : entries) {
                Class<?> candidateEventType = entry.getKey();
                if (eventType.isAssignableFrom(candidateEventType)) {
                    Object stickyEvent = entry.getValue();
                    checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
                }
            }
        } else {
            Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
            checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
        }
    }
}

subscribe方法的执行流程是先根据事件类型,判断该注册者是否已经进行过注册,如果未注册将其中的方法进行保存,以事件类型为键保存一份,然后以注册者实例为键保存一份。

发送事件

对于事件的发送,调用的是post函数

  • post(Object event)

Android每周一轮子:EventBus

public void post(Object event) {
    //获取当前线程的Event队列,并将其添加到队列中
    PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
    List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;
    eventQueue.add(event);
    //如果当前PostingThreadState不是在post 中
    if (!postingState.isPosting) {
        postingState.isMainThread = isMainThread();
        postingState.isPosting = true;
        if (postingState.canceled) {
            throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");
        }
        try {
            //遍历事件队列,调用postSingleEvent方法
            while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {
                postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);
            }
        } finally {
            postingState.isPosting = false;
            postingState.isMainThread = false;
        }  
     }
}

post方法中,首先从当前的PostingThreadState中获取当前的事件队列,然后将要post的事件添加到其中,之后判断当前的线程是否处在post中,如果不在,那么则会遍历事件队列,调用postSingleEvent将其中的事件抛出。

currentPostingThreadState是一个ThreadLocal类型的,里面存储了PostingThreadState。

private final ThreadLocal<PostingThreadState> currentPostingThreadState = new ThreadLocal<PostingThreadState>() {  
       @Override  
       protected PostingThreadState initialValue() {  
           return new PostingThreadState();  
       }  
   }

PostingThreadState包含了一个eventQueue和一些标志位。类具体结构如下。

final static class PostingThreadState {
    final List<Object> eventQueue = new ArrayList<>();
    boolean isPosting;
    boolean isMainThread;
    Subscription subscription;
    Object event;
    boolean canceled;
}
  • postSingleEvent

postSingleEvent的具体实现如下。

private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {
    Class<?> eventClass = event.getClass();
    boolean subscriptionFound = false;
    if (eventInheritance) {
        List<Class<?>> eventTypes = lookupAllEventTypes(eventClass);
        int countTypes = eventTypes.size();
        for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) {
            Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
            subscriptionFound |= postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, clazz);
        }
    } else {
        subscriptionFound = postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, eventClass);
    }
    if (!subscriptionFound) {
        if (logNoSubscriberMessages) {
            logger.log(Level.FINE, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);
        }
        if (sendNoSubscriberEvent && eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class &&
                eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) {
            post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));
        }
    }
}

通过lookupAllEventTypes(eventClass)得到当前eventClass的Class,以及父类和接口的Class类型,而后逐个调用postSingleEventForEventType方法。事件派发的核心方法在postSingleEventForEventType方法中。

  • postSingleEventForEventType
private boolean postSingleEventForEventType(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class<?> eventClass) {
    CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions;
    synchronized (this) {
        subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventClass);
    }
    if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
        for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
            postingState.event = event;
            postingState.subscription = subscription;
            boolean aborted = false;
            try {
                postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
                aborted = postingState.canceled;
            } finally {
                postingState.event = null;
                postingState.subscription = null;
                postingState.canceled = false;
            }
            if (aborted) {
                break;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

从subscriptionsByEventType中拿到订阅了eventClass的订阅者列表 ,遍历,调用postToSubscription方法,逐个将事件抛出。

  • postToSubscription
private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {
    //根据订阅者方法的线程模型进行不同的处理
    switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {
        case POSTING:
            invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
            break;
        case MAIN:
            if (isMainThread) {
                invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
            } else {
                mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
            }
            break;
        case MAIN_ORDERED:
            if (mainThreadPoster != null) {
                mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
            } else {
                invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
            }
            break;
        case BACKGROUND:
            if (isMainThread) {
                backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
            } else {
                invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
            }
            break;
        case ASYNC:
            asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
            break;
        default:
            throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
    }
}

根据threadMode去判断应该在哪个线程去执行该方法,而invokeSubscriber方法内通过反射调用函数。

MainThread

首先去判断当前如果是UI线程,则直接调用;否则, mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event)
BackgroundThread

如果当前非UI线程,则直接调用;如果是UI线程,则调用backgroundPoster.enqueue方法。

Async

调用asyncPoster.enqueue方法

接下来会针对这几种广播方式展开分析

  • invokeSubscriber
void invokeSubscriber(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
    try {
        subscription.subscriberMethod.method.invoke(subscription.subscriber, event);
    } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
        handleSubscriberException(subscription, event, e.getCause());
    } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected exception", e);
    }
}

通过反射的方式,直接调用订阅该事件方法。

  • mainThreadPoster.enqueue
mainThreadPoster = mainThreadSupport != null ? mainThreadSupport.createPoster(this) : null;

mainThreadPoster 通过mainThreadSupport.createPoster创建。

public Poster createPoster(EventBus eventBus) {
    return new HandlerPoster(eventBus, looper, 10);
}

返回HandlerPoster实例。

通过Subscription和Event实例构造出PendingPost,然后将其加入到PendingPostQueue之中,然后调用sendMessage,其handleMessage函数将会被回调。

public void enqueue(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
    PendingPost pendingPost = PendingPost.obtainPendingPost(subscription, event);
    synchronized (this) {
        queue.enqueue(pendingPost);
        if (!handlerActive) {
            handlerActive = true;
            if (!sendMessage(obtainMessage())) {
                throw new EventBusException("Could not send handler message");
            }
        }
    }
}

消息处理

@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
    boolean rescheduled = false;
    try {
        long started = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
        while (true) {
            PendingPost pendingPost = queue.poll();
            if (pendingPost == null) {
                synchronized (this) {
                    // Check again, this time in synchronized
                    pendingPost = queue.poll();
                    if (pendingPost == null) {
                        handlerActive = false;
                        return;
                    }
                }
            }
            eventBus.invokeSubscriber(pendingPost);
            long timeInMethod = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - started;
            if (timeInMethod >= maxMillisInsideHandleMessage) {
                if (!sendMessage(obtainMessage())) {
                    throw new EventBusException("Could not send handler message");
                }
                rescheduled = true;
                return;
            }
        }
    } finally {
        handlerActive = rescheduled;
    }
}

当得到消息之后,开启循环,从队列中取PendingPost,调用invokeSubscriber方法执行。

void invokeSubscriber(PendingPost pendingPost) {
    Object event = pendingPost.event;
    Subscription subscription = pendingPost.subscription;
    PendingPost.releasePendingPost(pendingPost);
    if (subscription.active) {
        invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
    }
}

这里调用了releasePendingPost

static void releasePendingPost(PendingPost pendingPost) {
    pendingPost.event = null;
    pendingPost.subscription = null;
    pendingPost.next = null;
    synchronized (pendingPostPool) {
        // Don't let the pool grow indefinitely
        if (pendingPostPool.size() < 10000) {
            pendingPostPool.add(pendingPost);
        }
    }
}

为了避免对象的重复创建,在PendingPost中维护了一个PendingPost列表,方便进行对象的复用。

List<PendingPost> pendingPostPool = new ArrayList<PendingPost>();

对于对象的创建,可以通过其obtainPendingPost方法来获得。

  • asyncPoster.enqueue
public void enqueue(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
    PendingPost pendingPost = PendingPost.obtainPendingPost(subscription, event);
    queue.enqueue(pendingPost);
    eventBus.getExecutorService().execute(this);
}

将PendingPost添加到PendingPost队列中,线程池会从队列中取数据,然后执行。

@Override
public void run() {
    PendingPost pendingPost = queue.poll();
    if(pendingPost == null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("No pending post available");
    }
    eventBus.invokeSubscriber(pendingPost);
}
  • backgroundPoster.enqueue

相比于asyncPoster,backgroundPoster可以保证添加进来的数据是顺序执行的,通过同步锁和信号量的方式来保证,只有一个线程是在活跃从事件队列中取事件,然后执行。

public void enqueue(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
    PendingPost pendingPost = PendingPost.obtainPendingPost(subscription, event);
    synchronized (this) {
        queue.enqueue(pendingPost);
        if (!executorRunning) {
            executorRunning = true;
            eventBus.getExecutorService().execute(this);
        }
    }
}
public void run() {
    try {
        try {
            while (true) {
                PendingPost pendingPost = queue.poll(1000);
                if (pendingPost == null) {
                    synchronized (this) {
                        pendingPost = queue.poll();
                        if (pendingPost == null) {
                            executorRunning = false;
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                }
                eventBus.invokeSubscriber(pendingPost);
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            
        }
    } finally {
        executorRunning = false;
    }
}

函数扫描

在register方法中对于订阅方法的查找,调用的方法是SubscriberMethodFinder的findSubscriberMethods方法,对于其中方法的查找有两种方式,一个是findUsingInfo,一个是findUsingReflection

private List<SubscriberMethod> findUsingReflection(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
    //获取FindState实例
    FindState findState = prepareFindState();
    findState.initForSubscriber(subscriberClass);
    //从当前类中查找,然后跳到其父类,继续查找相应方法
    while (findState.clazz != null) {
        findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(findState);
        findState.moveToSuperclass();
    }
    return getMethodsAndRelease(findState);
}

首先,会获得一个FindState实例,其用来保存查找过程中的一些中间变量和最后结果,首先找当前类中的注册方法,然后跳到其父类之中,其父类会自动过滤掉Java,Android中的相应类,然后继续查找。

查找的核心实现在方法findUsingReflectionInSingleClass中。

private void findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(FindState findState) {
    Method[] methods;
    try {
        // 获取该类中的所有方法,不包括继承的方法
        methods = findState.clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
    } catch (Throwable th) {
        methods = findState.clazz.getMethods();
        findState.skipSuperClasses = true;
    }
    //遍历获取的方法,判断添加规则为是否为public函数,其参数是否只有一个,获取其注解,然后调用checkAdd,
    //在加入到订阅方法之前
    for (Method method : methods) {
        int modifiers = method.getModifiers();
        if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) {
            Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
            if (parameterTypes.length == 1) {
                Subscribe subscribeAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(Subscribe.class);
                if (subscribeAnnotation != null) {
                    Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0];
                    if (findState.checkAdd(method, eventType)) {
                        ThreadMode threadMode = subscribeAnnotation.threadMode();
                        findState.subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, eventType, threadMode,
                                subscribeAnnotation.priority(), subscribeAnnotation.sticky()));
                    }
                }
            } else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
                    //多于一个参数
            }
        } else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
            //非public,abstract,非静态的
        }
    }
}

按照如下扫描规则,对类中的函数进行扫描
扫描规则:1.函数非静态,抽象函数 2.函数为public;3.函数仅单个参数;4.函数拥有@Subscribe的注解;

在符合了以上规则之后,还不能够直接将其加入到函数的队列之中,还需要对方法进行校验。

boolean checkAdd(Method method, Class<?> eventType) {
   
    Object existing = anyMethodByEventType.put(eventType, method);
    if (existing == null) {
        return true;
    } else {
        if (existing instanceof Method) {
            if (!checkAddWithMethodSignature((Method) existing, eventType)) {
                
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            }
            anyMethodByEventType.put(eventType, this);
        }
        return checkAddWithMethodSignature(method, eventType);
    }
}

 //函数签名校验,来进行
private boolean checkAddWithMethodSignature(Method method, Class<?> eventType) {
    methodKeyBuilder.setLength(0);
    methodKeyBuilder.append(method.getName());
    methodKeyBuilder.append('>').append(eventType.getName());

    String methodKey = methodKeyBuilder.toString();
    Class<?> methodClass = method.getDeclaringClass();
    Class<?> methodClassOld = subscriberClassByMethodKey.put(methodKey, methodClass);
    if (methodClassOld == null || methodClassOld.isAssignableFrom(methodClass)) {
        // Only add if not already found in a sub class
        return true;
    } else {
        // Revert the put, old class is further down the class hierarchy
        subscriberClassByMethodKey.put(methodKey, methodClassOld);
        return false;
    }
}

为扫描到的函数做校验,在校验后,释放自己持有的资源。第一层校验在checkAdd函数中,如果当前尚未有函数监听过当前事件,就直接跳过第二层检查。第二层检查为完整的函数签名的检查,将函数名与监听事件类名拼接作为函数签名,如果当前subscriberClassByMethodKey中不存在相同methodKey时,返回true,检查结束;若存在相同methodKey时,说明子类重写了父类的监听函数,此时应当保留子类的监听函数而忽略父类。由于扫描是由子类向父类的顺序,故此时应当保留methodClassOld而忽略methodClass。

上述的方式是通过在运行期通过注解处理的方式进行的,效率是比较慢的,在EventBus最新版中引入了在编译器通过注解处理器,在编译器生成方法索引的方式进行,以此来提升效率。

粘性事件处理

粘性事件的设计初衷是,在事件的发出早于观察者的注册,EventBus将粘性事件存储起来,在观察者注册后,将其发出。通过其内部的一个数据结构:

Map<Class<?>, Object> stickyEvents

保存每个Event类型的最近一次post出的event

public void postSticky(Object event) {
    synchronized (stickyEvents) {
        stickyEvents.put(event.getClass(), event);
    }
    // Should be posted after it is putted, in case the subscriber wants to remove immediately
    post(event);
}

将粘性事件保存在stickyEvents,而后post出,此时如果存在已经注册的观察者,则情况同普通事件情况相同;如尚无注册的观察者,在postSingleEvent函数中将时间转化为一个NoSubscriberEvent事件发出,可由EventBus消耗并处理。待观察者注册时,从stickyEvents中将事件取出,重新分发给注册的观察者。

if (subscriberMethod.sticky) {
    if (eventInheritance) {
        Set<Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object>> entries = stickyEvents.entrySet();
        for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object> entry : entries) {
            Class<?> candidateEventType = entry.getKey();
            if (eventType.isAssignableFrom(candidateEventType)) {
                Object stickyEvent = entry.getValue();
                checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
            }
        }
    } else {
        Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
        checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
    }
}

在对于粘性事件处理这段代码中,首先判断是否监听Event的子类,而后调用checkPostStickyEventToSubscription将黏性事件发出,在checkPostStickyEventToSubscription中,判空后按一半事件的post流程将事件传递给观察者。

private void checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(Subscription newSubscription, Object stickyEvent) {
    if (stickyEvent != null) {           
        postToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent, isMainThread());
    }
}

小结

轮子的每周一篇,已经到了第四周了,下周是对OkHttp的更细致的一个剖析,然后是对于OkIO的剖

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