我使用过的Linux命令之dmesg - 查看开机信息/打印或控制内核环形缓冲区
我使用过的Linux命令之dmesg - 查看开机信息/打印或控制内核环形缓冲区
用途说明
dmesg命令用于打印Linux系统开机启动信息,kernel会将开机信息存储在ring buffer中。您若是开机时来不及查看信息,可利用dmesg来查看(print or control the kernel ring buffer)。开机信息亦保存在/var/log/dmesg的文件里。某些硬件设备(比如七号信令卡、语音卡之类)在安装的时候,通常会安装驱动程序(内核模块),会打印一些信息,就可以通过dmesg命令来查看。
常用参数
格式:dmesg
查看开机信息。
格式:dmesg -c
清除开机信息,但/var/log/dmesg文件中仍然有这些信息。
因为dmesg命令输出的东西有点多,通常与less/more/tail/grep等命令配合使用。
使用示例
示例一 将开机信息发邮件
dmesg>boot.messages
and mail the boot.messages file to whoever can debug their problem.[root@new55 ~]# dmesg >boot.messages
[root@new55 ~]# ls -l boot.messages -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15838 12-09 12:55 boot.messages
[root@new55 ~]# mail -s "Boot Log of Linux Server" [email protected] <boot.messages
[root@new55~]#
示例二浏览dmesg输出的信息[root@new55 ~]# uname -a Linux new55 2.6.18-194.el5 #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:43 EDT 2010 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
[root@new55 ~]# dmesg | less
Linuxversion2.6.18-194.el5([email protected])(gccversion4.1.220080704(RedHat4.1.2-48))#1SMPTueMar1621:52:43EDT2010
BIOS-providedphysicalRAMmap:
BIOS-e820:0000000000010000-000000000009fc00(usable)
BIOS-e820:000000000009fc00-00000000000a0000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000000e0000-0000000000100000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:0000000000100000-000000001f7d0000(usable)
BIOS-e820:000000001f7d0000-000000001f7efc00(reserved)
BIOS-e820:000000001f7efc00-000000001f7fb000(ACPINVS)
BIOS-e820:000000001f7fb000-000000001f800000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000e0000000-00000000f0000000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000fec00000-00000000fec02000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000fed20000-00000000fed9b000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000feda0000-00000000fedc0000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000ffb00000-00000000ffc00000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000fff00000-0000000100000000(reserved)
0MBHIGHMEMavailable.
503MBLOWMEMavailable.
Memoryforcrashkernel(0x0to0x0)notwithinpermissiblerange
disablingkdump
Usingx86segmentlimitstoapproximateNXprotection
Onnode0totalpages:128976
DMAzone:4096pages,LIFObatch:0
Normalzone:124880pages,LIFObatch:31
DMI2.3present.
UsingAPICdriverdefault
ACPI:RSDP(v000HP)@0x000fe270
ACPI:RSDT(v001HP30C40x31100620HP0x00000001)@0x1f7efc84
ACPI:FADT(v002HP30C40x00000002HP0x00000001)@0x1f7efc00
ACPI:MADT(v001HP30C40x00000001HP0x00000001)@0x1f7efcb8
ACPI:MCFG(v001HP30C40x00000001HP0x00000001)@0x1f7efd14
ACPI:SSDT(v001HPHPQPpc0x00001001MSFT0x0100000e)@0x1f7f6698
ACPI:DSDT(v001HPDAU000x00010000MSFT0x0100000e)@0x00000000
ACPI:PM-TimerIOPort:0x1008
ACPI:LocalAPICaddress0xfec01000
ACPI:LAPIC(acpi_id[0x01]lapic_id[0x00]enabled)
Processor#06:13APICversion20
ACPI:LAPIC_NMI(acpi_id[0x01]highedgelint[0x1])
ACPI:IOAPIC(id[0x01]address[0xfec00000]gsi_base[0])
IOAPIC[0]:apic_id1,version32,address0xfec00000,GSI0-23
:示例三 查看dmesg尾部的信息
[root@new55 ~]# dmesg | tail
Bluetooth:L2CAPver2.8
Bluetooth:L2CAPsocketlayerinitialized
Bluetooth:RFCOMMsocketlayerinitialized
Bluetooth:RFCOMMTTYlayerinitialized
Bluetooth:RFCOMMver1.8
Bluetooth:HIDP(HumanInterfaceEmulation)ver1.1
eth0:noIPv6routerspresent
Installingknfsd(copyright(C)[email protected]).
NFSD:Using/var/lib/nfs/v4recoveryastheNFSv4staterecoverydirectory
NFSD:starting90-secondgraceperiod
[root@new55 ~]#示例四 安装SS7卡驱动时的内核日志
[root@localhost ss7dpklnx]# cd SS7HD_DRIVER/
[root@localhostSS7HD_DRIVER]#ls
bbdddlnx_iss.hbbd_hbi.hbbd_ioc.cbbd_isr.cbbd_pci.cBSD_license.txtGPL_V2-only_license.txtinstall_ss7hd.shMakefile26
bbd_def.hbbd_hs.cbbd_ioc.hbbd_lnx.cbbd_pro.hbuild_ss7hd.shi21555.hMakefile24
[root@localhostSS7HD_DRIVER]#./build_ss7hd.sh
make:Enteringdirectory`/usr/src/kernels/2.6.9-22.EL-i686'
CC[M]/root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/bbd_hs.o
CC[M]/root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/bbd_ioc.o
CC[M]/root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/bbd_isr.o
CC[M]/root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/bbd_pci.o
CC[M]/root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/bbd_lnx.o
LD[M]/root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/ss7hddvr26.o
Buildingmodules,stage2.
MODPOST
CC/root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/ss7hddvr26.mod.o
LD[M]/root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/ss7hddvr26.ko
make:Leavingdirectory`/usr/src/kernels/2.6.9-22.EL-i686'
[root@localhostSS7HD_DRIVER]#./install_ss7hd.sh
[root@localhostSS7HD_DRIVER]#lsmod|grepss7
ss7hddvr26258080
[root@localhostSS7HD_DRIVER]#dmesg|tail
ACPI:PCIinterrupt0000:02:0d.0[?]->GSI9(level,low)->IRQ9
BBD[0]64bit
SS7HD[0]-suspend
DialogicSS7HDDeviceDriverV100.00(SourceV1.21)
Copyright(C)DialogicCorporation2003-2010.AllRightsReserved
Usingmajordevicenumber251.
ACPI:PCIinterrupt0000:02:0d.0[?]->GSI9(level,low)->IRQ9
BBD[0]64bit
[root@localhostSS7HD_DRIVER]#./install_ss7hd.shremove
[root@localhostSS7HD_DRIVER]#lsmod|grepss7
[root@localhostSS7HD_DRIVER]#dmesg|tail
BBD[0]64bit
SS7HD[0]-suspend
DialogicSS7HDDeviceDriverV100.00(SourceV1.21)
Copyright(C)DialogicCorporation2003-2010.AllRightsReserved
Usingmajordevicenumber251.
ACPI:PCIinterrupt0000:02:0d.0[?]->GSI9(level,low)->IRQ9
BBD[0]64bit
SS7HD[0]-suspend
[root@localhost SS7HD_DRIVER]#示例五 打印并清除内核环形缓冲区
[root@new55 ~]# dmesg -c
Linuxversion2.6.18-194.el5([email protected])(gccversion4.1.220080704(RedHat4.1.2-48))#1SMPTueMar1621:52:43EDT2010
BIOS-providedphysicalRAMmap:
BIOS-e820:0000000000010000-000000000009fc00(usable)
BIOS-e820:000000000009fc00-00000000000a0000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000000e0000-0000000000100000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:0000000000100000-000000001f7d0000(usable)
BIOS-e820:000000001f7d0000-000000001f7efc00(reserved)
BIOS-e820:000000001f7efc00-000000001f7fb000(ACPINVS)
BIOS-e820:000000001f7fb000-000000001f800000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000e0000000-00000000f0000000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000fec00000-00000000fec02000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000fed20000-00000000fed9b000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000feda0000-00000000fedc0000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000ffb00000-00000000ffc00000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000fff00000-0000000100000000(reserved)
0MBHIGHMEMavailable.
503MBLOWMEMavailable.
Memoryforcrashkernel(0x0to0x0)notwithinpermissiblerange
disablingkdump
Usingx86segmentlimitstoapproximateNXprotection
Onnode0totalpages:128976
DMAzone:4096pages,LIFObatch:0
Normalzone:124880pages,LIFObatch:31
DMI 2.3 present.省略输出
Bluetooth: HIDP (Human Interface Emulation) ver 1.1
eth0:noIPv6routerspresent
Installingknfsd(copyright(C)[email protected]).
NFSD:Using/var/lib/nfs/v4recoveryastheNFSv4staterecoverydirectory
NFSD:starting90-secondgraceperiod
[root@new55 ~]# dmesg[root@new55 ~]# less /var/log/dmesg
Linuxversion2.6.18-194.el5([email protected])(gccversion4.1.220080704(RedHat4.1.2-48))#1SMPTueMar1621:52:43EDT2010
BIOS-providedphysicalRAMmap:
BIOS-e820:0000000000010000-000000000009fc00(usable)
BIOS-e820:000000000009fc00-00000000000a0000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000000e0000-0000000000100000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:0000000000100000-000000001f7d0000(usable)
BIOS-e820:000000001f7d0000-000000001f7efc00(reserved)
BIOS-e820:000000001f7efc00-000000001f7fb000(ACPINVS)
BIOS-e820:000000001f7fb000-000000001f800000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000e0000000-00000000f0000000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000fec00000-00000000fec02000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000fed20000-00000000fed9b000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000feda0000-00000000fedc0000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000ffb00000-00000000ffc00000(reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000fff00000-0000000100000000(reserved)
0MBHIGHMEMavailable.
503MBLOWMEMavailable.
Memoryforcrashkernel(0x0to0x0)notwithinpermissiblerange
disablingkdump
Usingx86segmentlimitstoapproximateNXprotection
Onnode0totalpages:128976
DMAzone:4096pages,LIFObatch:0
Normalzone:124880pages,LIFObatch:31
DMI2.3present.
UsingAPICdriverdefault
ACPI:RSDP(v000HP)@0x000fe270
ACPI:RSDT(v001HP30C40x31100620HP0x00000001)@0x1f7efc84
ACPI:FADT(v002HP30C40x00000002HP0x00000001)@0x1f7efc00
ACPI:MADT(v001HP30C40x00000001HP0x00000001)@0x1f7efcb8
ACPI:MCFG(v001HP30C40x00000001HP0x00000001)@0x1f7efd14
ACPI:SSDT(v001HPHPQPpc0x00001001MSFT0x0100000e)@0x1f7f6698
ACPI:DSDT(v001HPDAU000x00010000MSFT0x0100000e)@0x00000000
ACPI:PM-TimerIOPort:0x1008
ACPI:LocalAPICaddress0xfec01000
ACPI:LAPIC(acpi_id[0x01]lapic_id[0x00]enabled)
Processor#06:13APICversion20
ACPI:LAPIC_NMI(acpi_id[0x01]highedgelint[0x1])
ACPI:IOAPIC(id[0x01]address[0xfec00000]gsi_base[0])
IOAPIC[0]:apic_id1,version32,address0xfec00000,GSI0-23
[root@new55 ~]#问题思考
相关资料
【1】baisafe dmesg linux查看开机启动的信息
【2】AnotherMELINUX这些日志信息处理的来龙去脉http://www.ys250.com/2009/03/16/dmesg/
【3】旅途Linux中的dmesg了解http://www.cppblog.com/mydriverc/archive/2009/10/13/98534.html
【4】Linux频道Linux指令篇:系统设置--dmesghttp://linux.chinaitlab.com/command/723897.html