做蓝牙少,遇到了又不会 尴尬
首先IOS设备本身的蓝牙并不是用来给你传输文件的,这点你要深切的理解,苹果之所以给他们装上蓝牙不过是让你连连蓝牙耳机啊,蓝牙音箱之类的,因为非越狱苹果上面听歌不都是要花钱的么,如果你用蓝牙把歌曲传给别人,那不是侵权了么(当然,在TC没有侵权一说),所以啊,苹果在硬件上面就把你传输文件给限制了。
下面小编将分享一些蓝牙的基本思路和代码实现
iOS中蓝牙的实现策略
GameKit:多用于对战类游戏(比如五子棋对战),从iOS7开始过期。
MultipeerConnectivity:可以用于替代GameKit,多用于非联网状态下,通过WiFi或者蓝牙来进行文件共享,且只能用于iOS设备之间的连接,局限于同一个app的交互。
ExternalAccessory:用于第三方蓝牙设备交互,但设备必须经过苹果MFI认证。
CoreBluetooth:就是所谓的BLE,可用于第三方蓝牙设备交互,必须要支持蓝牙4.0;硬件至少是4s,系统至少是iOS6。最大特点主低功耗。也是目前应用最广泛的主流框架,常用的有运动手环、智能家居等。
Core Bluetooth
CoreBluetooth框架的核心就是peripheral和central。其API分别对应不同外设模式和中心模式。如下图:
蓝牙设备状态
待机状态(standby):设备没有传输和发送数据,并且没有连接到任何外设
广播状态(Advertiser):周期性广播状态
扫描状态(Scanner):主动搜索正在广播的设备
发起链接状态(Initiator):主动向扫描设备发起连接
主设备(Master):作为主设备连接到其它设备.
从设备(Slave):作为从设备链接到其它设备
蓝牙工作状态
准备(Standby)
广播(Advertising)
监听扫描(Scanning)
发起连接(Initiating)
已连接(Connected)
BLE中心模式流程
建立中心角色
扫描外设(Discover Peripheral)
连接外设(Connect Peripheral)
扫描外设服务和特征(Discover Services And Characteristics)
获取外设services
获取外设Characteristics,获取characteristics值,获取Characteristics的Descriptor和Descriptor值
利用特征与外设做数据交互(Explore And Interact)
订阅Characteristic的通知
断开连接(Disconnect)
代码实战
# **** ↓ central模式 ↓ ****
1 . 建立主设备管理类,设置代理。
#import <CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h>
@interface LEOBLEController () <CBCentralManagerDelegate>
/**中心管理 */
@property (nonatomic, strong) CBCentralManager *cMgr;
@end
@implementation LEOBLEController
#pragma mark - 懒加载
// 1.建立中心管理者
- (CBCentralManager *)cMgr
{
if (!_cMgr) {
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
/*
设置代理,CBCentralManagerDelegate
必须实现的:
- (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central;//主设备状态改变调用,在初始化CBCentralManager的适合会打开设备,只有当设备正确打开后才能使用
其他选择实现的委托中比较重要的:
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI; //找到外设
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//连接外设成功
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外设连接失败
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//断开外设
*/
_cMgr = [[CBCentralManager alloc] initWithDelegate:self queue:dispatch_get_main_queue()]; // 默认主线程
}
return _cMgr;
}
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
self.title = @"LEOBLE";
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
// 初始化
[self cMgr];
// 不能在此处扫描,因为状态还没变为打开
//[self.cMgr scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];
}
2 .扫描外设--<只有设备成功打开,才能开始扫描,否则会报错>。
#pragma mark - CBCentralManagerDelegate// 设备正确打开后使用
- (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
switch (central.state) {
case CBCentralManagerStateUnknown:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnknown");
break;
case CBCentralManagerStateResetting:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateResetting");
break;
case CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported");
break;
case CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized");
break;
case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff");
break;
case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn");
// 开始扫描
/*
第一个参数nil表示扫描所有外设
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI;
*/
[self.cMgr scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];
break;
default:
break;
}
}// 扫描到设备会进入到此代理方法
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, per = %@, data = %@, rssi = %@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, peripheral, advertisementData, RSSI);
// 接下来连接设备
}
3 .连接外设扫描外设,打印结果
4 .扫描到外设会进入到此代理方法
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, per = %@, data = %@, rssi = %@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, peripheral, advertisementData, RSSI);
// 判断扫描结果
if ([peripheral.name isEqualToString:@"OBand-75"]) {
/*
一个主设备最多能连7个外设,每个外设最多只能给一个主设备连接,连接成功,失败,断开会进入各自的代理
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//连接外设成功
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外设连接失败
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//断开外设
*/
// 保存外设,否则方法结束就销毁
self.per = peripheral;
[self.cMgr connectPeripheral:self.per options:nil];
}else
{
// 此处Alert提示#warning noCode
NSLog(@"没扫描到 >>>>>>>> %s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
}// 外设连接成功
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为(%@)的设备-成功",peripheral.name);
}// 外设连接失败
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}// 断开连接(丢失连接)
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
5 .扫描外设中的服务和特征
获取外设的services,然后在代理方法peripheral:didDiscoverServices:中遍历services
// 外设连接成功
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为(%@)的设备-成功",peripheral.name);
//设置的peripheral代理CBPeripheralDelegate
//@interface ViewController : UIViewController<CBCentralManagerDelegate,CBPeripheralDelegate>
[peripheral setDelegate:self];
//扫描外设Services,成功后会进入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{
[peripheral discoverServices:nil];
/*
Discovers the specified services of the peripheral.
An array of CBUUID objects that you are interested in. Here, each CBUUID object represents a UUID that identifies the type of service you want to discover.
*/
}
#pragma mark - CBPeripheralDelegate// 发现外设的service
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error
{
if (error)
{
NSLog(@">>>Discovered services for %@ with error: %@", peripheral.name, [error localizedDescription]);
return;
}
for (CBService *service in peripheral.services) {
NSLog(@"service.UUID = %@", service.UUID);
//扫描每个service的Characteristics,扫描到后会进入方法: -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
[peripheral discoverCharacteristics:nil forService:service];
}
}
获取外设的characteris,获取Characteristics的值,获取Characteristics的Descriptor以及Descriptor的值
// 外设发现service的特征
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
{
if (error)
{
NSLog(@"error Discovered characteristics for %@ with error: %@", service.UUID, [error localizedDescription]);
return;
}
for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics)
{
NSLog(@"service:%@ 的 Characteristic: %@",service.UUID,characteristic.UUID);
}
#warning 分开并不符合编码规范,是为了方便看
//获取Characteristic的值,读到数据会进入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){
[peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic]; // 外设读取特征的值
}
//搜索Characteristic的Descriptors,读到数据会进入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){
[peripheral discoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:characteristic]; // 外设发现特征的描述
}
}
// 获取characteristic的值
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(nonnull CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error
{
//打印出characteristic的UUID和值
//!注意,value的类型是NSData,具体开发时,会根据外设协议制定的方式去解析数据
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, characteristic.UUID:%@ value:%@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, characteristic.UUID, characteristic.value);
}// 获取Characteristics的 descriptor的值
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForDescriptor:(nonnull CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(nullable NSError *)error
{
//打印出DescriptorsUUID 和value
//这个descriptor都是对于characteristic的描述,一般都是字符串,所以这里我们转换成字符串去解析
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, descriptor.UUID:%@ value:%@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, descriptor.UUID, descriptor.value);
}// 发现特征Characteristics的描述Descriptor
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(nonnull CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
for (CBDescriptor *descriptor in characteristic.descriptors) {
NSLog(@"descriptor.UUID:%@",descriptor.UUID);
}
}
6 . 写数据到特征中
// 5.将数据写入特征(自定义方法,为了看的更清楚,没别的意思)
- (void)leo_peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral writeData:(NSData *)data forCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
{
/*
typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, CBCharacteristicProperties) {
CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast = 0x01,
CBCharacteristicPropertyRead = 0x02,
CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse = 0x04,
CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite = 0x08,
CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify = 0x10,
CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate = 0x20,
CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites = 0x40,
CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties = 0x80,
CBCharacteristicPropertyNotifyEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0) = 0x100,
CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicateEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0) = 0x200
};
打印出特征的权限(characteristic.properties),可以看到有很多种,这是一个NS_OPTIONS的枚举,可以是多个值
常见的又read,write,noitfy,indicate.知道这几个基本够用了,前俩是读写权限,后俩都是通知,俩不同的通知方式
*/
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, characteristic.properties:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, characteristic.properties);
// 只有特征的properties中有写的属性时候,才写
if (characteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite) {
// 这句才是正宗的核心代码
[peripheral writeValue:data forCharacteristic:characteristic type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];
}
}
7 .订阅特征的通知
// 设置通知
- (void)leo_peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral setNotifyForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
{
// 设置通知, 数据会进入 peripheral:didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:error:方法
[peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:characteristic];
}// 取消通知
- (void)leo_peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral cancelNotifyForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
{
[peripheral setNotifyValue:NO forCharacteristic:characteristic];
}
8 .断开连接
// 7.断开连接
- (void)leo_cMgr:(CBCentralManager *)cMgr stopScanAndDisConnectWithPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
// 停止扫描
[cMgr stopScan];
// 断开连接
[cMgr cancelPeripheralConnection:peripheral];
}
需要的 留下邮箱 发给你们