利用Python查看目录中的文件示例详解
前言
我们在日常开发中,经常会遇到一些关于文件的操作,例如,实现查看目录内容的功能。类似Linux下的tree命令。统计目录下指定后缀文件的行数。
功能是将目录下所有的文件路径存入list中。可以加入后缀判断功能,搜索指定的后缀名文件。主要利用递归的方法来检索文件。
仿造 tree 功能示例代码
Python2.7
列出目录下所有文件
递归法
import os def tree_dir(path, c_path='', is_root=True): """ Get file list under path. Like 'tree' :param path Root dir :param c_path Child dir :param is_root Current is root dir """ res = [] if not os.path.exists(path): return res for f in os.listdir(path): if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(path, f)): if is_root: res.append(f) else: res.append(os.path.join(c_path, f)) else: res.extend(tree_dir(os.path.join(path, f), f, is_root=False)) return res
下面是加入后缀判断的方法。在找到文件后,判断一下是否符合后缀要求。不符合要求的文件就跳过。
def tree_dir_sur(path, c_path='', is_root=True, suffix=''): """ Get file list under path. Like 'tree' :param path Root dir :param c_path Child dir :param is_root Current is root dir :param suffix Suffix of file """ res = [] if not os.path.exists(path) or not os.path.isdir(path): return res for f in os.listdir(path): if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(path, f)) and str(f).endswith(suffix): if is_root: res.append(f) else: res.append(os.path.join(c_path, f)) else: res.extend(tree_dir_sur(os.path.join(path, f), f, is_root=False, suffix=suffix)) return res if __name__ == "__main__": for p in tree_dir_sur(os.path.join('E:\ws', 'rnote', 'Python_note'), suffix='md'): print p
统计目录下指定后缀文件的行数
仅适用os中的方法,仅检索目录中固定位置的文件
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import os def count_by_categories(path): """ Find all target files and count the lines """ if not os.path.exists(path): return c_l_dict = dict() # e.g. {category: lines} category_list = [cate for cate in os.listdir(path) if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(path, cate)) and not cate.startswith('.')] for category_dir in category_list: line_count = _sum_total_line(os.path.join(path, category_dir), '.md') if line_count > 0: c_l_dict[category_dir] = line_count return c_l_dict def _sum_total_line(path, endswith='.md'): """ Get the total lines of target files """ if not os.path.exists(path) or not os.path.isdir(path): return 0 total_lines = 0 for f in os.listdir(path): if f.endswith(endswith): with open(os.path.join(path, f)) as cur_f: total_lines += len(cur_f.readlines()) return total_lines if __name__ == '__main__': note_dir = 'E:/ws/rnote' ca_l_dict = count_by_categories(note_dir) all_lines = 0 for k in ca_l_dict.keys(): all_lines += ca_l_dict[k] print 'all lines:', str(all_lines) print ca_l_dict
以笔记文件夹为例,分别统计分类目录下文件的总行数,测试输出
all lines: 25433 {'flash_compile_git_note': 334, 'Linux_note': 387, 'Algorithm_note': 3637, 'Comprehensive': 216, 'advice': 137, 'Java_note': 3013, 'Android_note': 11552, 'DesignPattern': 2646, 'Python_note': 787, 'kotlin': 184, 'cpp_note': 279, 'PyQt_note': 439, 'reading': 686, 'backend': 1136}
总结
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