LINUX之Samba学习之道

1.smb.conf说明
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# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options (perhaps too
# many!) most of which are not shown in this example
#
# Any line which starts with a ; (semi-colon) or a # (hash)
# is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a #
# for commentry and a ; for parts of the config file that you
# may wish to enable
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command "testparm"
# to check that you have not made any basic syntactic errors.
#
#======================= Global Settings =====================================
[global] 说明整体环境
# workgroup = NT-Domain-Name or Workgroup-Name
workgroup = workgroup 设置工作组名称,该名称会出现在Windows的网上 邻居和Linux的网络服务器中
netbios name= aaa 设置netbios bios名称
# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
server string = Samba Server 服务器说明
# This option is important for security. It allows you to restrict
# connections to machines which are on your local network. The
# following example restricts access to two C class networks and
# the "loopback" interface. For more examples of the syntax see
# the smb.conf man page
; hosts allow = 192.168.1. 192.168.2. 127. 它严格限制了可访问Samba Server的IP范围，默认是允许所有，去掉；就可启用
# if you want to automatically load your printer list rather
# than setting them up individually then you'll need this
printcap name = /etc/printcap 打印机配置文件路径
load printers = yes 是否将打印机共享
# It should not be necessary to spell out the print system type unless
# yours is non-standard. Currently supported print systems include:
# bsd, sysv, plp, lprng, aix, hpux, qnx, cups
printing = cups 打印机的类型
# Uncomment this if you want a guest account, you must add this to /etc/passwd
# otherwise the user "nobody" is used
# guest account =pcguest 如果想让用户“pcguest”匿名访问去掉#，并确保在/etc/passwd中有此用户。
# this tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
log file = /var/log/samba/%m.log log会在此目录中为每个登录samba的用户建立不同的日志文件
# Put a capping on the size of the log files (in Kb).
max log size = 0 定义log文件的大小
# Security mode. Most people will want user level security. See
# security_level.txt for details.
security = share 安全级别，分为4种：share,user,server,domain
# Use password server option only with security = server
# The argument list may include:
# password server = My_PDC_Name [My_BDC_Name] [My_Next_BDC_Name]
# or to auto-locate the domain controller/s
# password server = *
; password server =
# Password Level allows matching of _n_ characters of the password for
# all combinations of upper and lower case.
; password level = 8 密码级别设置
; username level = 8
# You may wish to use password encryption. Please read
# ENCRYPTION.txt, Win95.txt and WinNT.txt in the Samba documentation.
# Do not enable this option unless you have read those documents
encrypt passwords = yes 用户密码要加密
smb passwd file = /etc/samba/smbpasswd 将密码服务器设置为Samba Server时，需要用此行来指定要验证的密码文件，若设置为window NT server，则不需要这行。这里最重要的是密码文件设置的路径
# The following is needed to keep smbclient from spouting spurious errors
# when Samba is built with support for SSL.
; ssl CA certFile = /usr/share/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt
# The following are needed to allow password changing from Windows to
# update the Linux system password also.
# NOTE: Use these with 'encrypt passwords' and 'smb passwd file' above.
# NOTE2: You do NOT need these to allow workstations to change only
# the encrypted SMB passwords. They allow the Unix password
# to be kept in sync with the SMB password.
unix password sync = Yes
passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
passwd chat = *New*password* %n\n *Retype*new*password* %n\n *passwd:*all*authentication*tokens*updated*successfully*
# You can use PAM's password change control flag for Samba. If
# enabled, then PAM will be used for password changes when requested
# by an SMB client instead of the program listed in passwd program.
# It should be possible to enable this without changing your passwd
# chat parameter for most setups.
pam password change = yes 当用户要求更改密码时，使用PAM，不用本地口令程序/user/bin/passwd
# Unix users can map to different SMB User names
; username map = /etc/samba/smbusers 在此文件中设置对应的用户
# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
; include = /etc/samba/smb.conf.%m
# This parameter will control whether or not Samba should obey PAM's
# account and session management directives. The default behavior is
# to use PAM for clear text authentication only and to ignore any
# account or session management. Note that Samba always ignores PAM
# for authentication in the case of encrypt passwords = yes
obey pam restrictions = yes 当用户认证时，服从PAM的管理限制
# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.
# See speed.txt and the manual pages for details
socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192
# Configure Samba to use multiple interfaces
# If you have multiple network interfaces then you must list them
# here. See the man page for details.
; interfaces = 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24 如果有多网络界面必须在此列出
# Configure remote browse list synchronisation here
# request announcement to, or browse list sync from:
# a specific host or from / to a whole subnet (see below)
; remote browse sync = 192.168.3.25 192.168.5.255 本行和下一行是远程浏览设置
# Cause this host to announce itself to local subnets here
; remote announce = 192.168.1.255 192.168.2.44
# Browser Control Options: 浏览控制选项
# set local master to no if you don't want Samba to become a master
# browser on your network. Otherwise the normal election rules apply
; local master = no
# OS Level determines the precedence of this server in master browser
# elections. The default value should be reasonable
; os level = 33
# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. This
# allows Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Don't use this
# if you already have a Windows NT domain controller doing this job
; domain master = yes
# Preferred Master causes Samba to force a local browser election on startup
# and gives it a slightly higher chance of winning the election
; preferred master = yes
# Enable this if you want Samba to be a domain logon server for
# Windows95 workstations.
; domain logons = yes
# if you enable domain logons then you may want a per-machine or
# per user logon script
# run a specific logon batch file per workstation (machine)
; logon script = %m.bat
# run a specific logon batch file per username
; logon script = %U.bat
# Where to store roving profiles (only for Win95 and WinNT)
# %L substitutes for this servers netbios name, %U is username
# You must uncomment the [Profiles] share below
; logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%U
# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable it's WINS Server
; wins support = yes
# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
; wins server = w.x.y.z WINS客户端设置
# WINS Proxy - Tells Samba to answer name resolution queries on
# behalf of a non WINS capable client, for this to work there must be
# at least one WINS Server on the network. The default is NO.
; wins proxy = yes WINS代理设置
# DNS Proxy - tells Samba whether or not to try to resolve NetBIOS names
# via DNS nslookups. The built-in default for versions 1.9.17 is yes,
# this has been changed in version 1.9.18 to no.
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
dns proxy = no DNS Proxy设置，默认是不为客户做DNS查询
# Case Preservation can be handy - system default is _no_
# NOTE: These can be set on a per share basis
; preserve case = no
; short preserve case = no
# Default case is normally upper case for all DOS files
; default case = lower
# Be very careful with case sensitivity - it can break things!
; case sensitive = no
#============================ Share Definitions ==============================
[homes] 用户访问自己目录的设置
comment = Home Directories 说明文件或目录类型
browseable = yes 用户私人目录，不需要给别人浏览
writeable = yes 用户私人目录可以写
valid users = %S
create mode = 0664
directory mode = 0775
# If you want users samba doesn't recognize to be mapped to a guest user
; map to guest = bad user

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
; [netlogon] 域用户登录目录设置
; comment = Network Logon Service
; path = /usr/local/samba/lib/netlogon
; guest ok = yes
; writable = no
; share modes = no

# Un-comment the following to provide a specific roving profile share
# the default is to use the user's home directory
;[Profiles]
; path = /usr/local/samba/profiles
; browseable = no
; guest ok = yes

# NOTE: If you have a BSD-style print system there is no need to
# specifically define each individual printer
[printers] 打印机设置
comment = All Printers 说明要把全部打印机共享
path = /var/spool/samba 打印机，用户必须自行创建目录
browseable = no
printer name = printer
public = yes 表示共享
# Set public = yes to allow user 'guest account' to print
printable = yes
★★以下是本人的设置★★
[ftp]
comment = ftp share 共享描述
path = /var/ftp 共享目录
public = yes 表示共享
[cdrom]
comment = cdrom share
path = /mnt/cdrom
public = yes
root preexec = /bin/mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom 这一句是指当用户访问时Samba的cdrom自动挂载
[c]
comment = c pan
path = /mnt/c
public = yes
root preexec = /bin/mount -t vfat /dev/hdc1 /mnt/c 当用户访问时与Samba共存的windows系统的C盘自动挂载到/mnt/c
read only = yes
# This one is useful for people to share files
;[tmp]
; comment = Temporary file space
; path = /tmp
; read only = no
; public = yes
# A publicly accessible directory, but read only, except for people in
# the "staff" group
;[public]
; comment = Public Stuff
; path = /home/samba
; public = yes
; writable = yes
; printable = no
; write list = @staff
# Other examples.
#
# A private printer, usable only by fred. Spool data will be placed in fred's
# home directory. Note that fred must have write access to the spool directory,
# wherever it is.
;[fredsprn]
; comment = Fred's Printer
; valid users = fred
; path = /home/fred
; printer = freds_printer
; public = no
; writable = no
; printable = yes
# A private directory, usable only by fred. Note that fred requires write
# access to the directory.
;[fredsdir]
; comment = Fred's Service
; path = /usr/somewhere/private
; valid users = fred
; public = no
; writable = yes
; printable = no
# a service which has a different directory for each machine that connects
# this allows you to tailor configurations to incoming machines. You could
# also use the %U option to tailor it by user name.
# The %m gets replaced with the machine name that is connecting.
;[pchome]
; comment = PC Directories
; path = /usr/local/pc/%m
; public = no
; writable = yes
# A publicly accessible directory, read/write to all users. Note that all files
# created in the directory by users will be owned by the default user, so
# any user with access can delete any other user's files. Obviously this
# directory must be writable by the default user. Another user could of course
# be specified, in which case all files would be owned by that user instead.
;[public]
; path = /usr/somewhere/else/public
; public = yes
; only guest = yes
; writable = yes
; printable = no
# The following two entries demonstrate how to share a directory so that two
# users can place files there that will be owned by the specific users. In this
# setup, the directory should be writable by both users and should have the
# sticky bit set on it to prevent abuse. Obviously this could be extended to
# as many users as required.
;[myshare]
; comment = Mary's and Fred's stuff
; path = /usr/somewhere/shared
; valid users = mary fred
; public = no
; writable = yes
; printable = no
; create mask = 0765
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2.配置Samba服务器
■2.1 配置share级服务器
workgroup = linux
netbois name = aaa
printcap name = /etc/printcap
load printers = yes
printing = lprng
guest account = pcguest

log file = /var/log/samba/%m.log
max log size = 50
security = share
socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8129 SO_SNDBUF=9129
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
browseable = yes
writeable = yes
valid users = %S
create mode = 0664
directory mode = 0775
[printers]
comment = All Printers
path = /var/spool/samba
browseable = no
printer name = printer
public = yes
[ftp]
comment = ftp share
path = /var/ftp
public = yes
■2.2 配置user级服务器

在share级的基础上修改：
security = share
改为security = user
添加guest accout = pcguest
encrypt passwords = yes
smb passwd file = /etc/samba/smbpasswd
当对配置文件/etc/smb.conf进行user级的设置后，需要设置samba密码文件，建立smbpasswd账号和口令，使其与/etc/passwd的账号和口令相同。方法如下：
(1) 建立本地账号，生成口令文件/etc/passwd，把/etc/passwd里的用户都加到/etc/samba/smbpasswd文件中。注意，该过程是先在本地建立账号及账号的密码，然后再把
口令文件传给/etc/samba/smbpasswd，顺序不能反，即本地账号的口令和samba服务器中账号是不相同的。
#adduser pcguest
#passwd pcguest
#cat /etc/passwd|mksmbpasswd.sh>/etc/samba/smbpasswd
(2) 利用smbpasswd命令来为刚才建立的账号设立samba server口令。注意，使用smbpasswd命令修改用户口令时，被修改的samba账号的本地系统用户账号必须已经存在。
#smbpasswd pcguest
(3) 重新启支samba server
# /etc/init.d/smb restart
■2.3 配置domain级服务器

只需在user级配置的基础上修改：
security = user
workgroup = linux
为:
security = domain
workgroup = wenda 　∥wenda是主域控制器域名
添加：
netbios = linux
password server = wendaserver ∥用windows 2000主域控制器wendaserver来做密码服务器
注释掉：
smb passwd file = /etc/samba/smbpasswd