关于Oracle 释放过度使用的Undo表空间

产生问题的原因主要以下两点:
1. 有较大的事务量让Oracle Undo自动扩展,产生过度占用磁盘空间的情况;
2. 有较大事务没有收缩或者没有提交所导制;
 
$>exp vas/vas file=/opt/oracle/data_1.dmp,/opt/oracle/data_2.dmp log=/opt/oracle/date.log owner=vas rows=y indexes=y compress=n buffer=65536 feedback=100000 volsize=0 filesize=1000M
 
解决步骤:
查找数据库的UNDO表空间名
 
SQL> select name from v$tablespace;
 
检查数据库UNDO表空间占用空间情况以及数据文件存放位置;
SQL>select file_name, bytes/1024/1024 from dba_data_files;
 
查看回滚段的使用情况,哪个用户正在使用回滚段的资源,如果有用户最好更换时间(特别是生产环境)。
select s.username, u.name, d.tablespace_name
from v$transaction t,v$rollstat r, v$rollname u, v$session s, dba_rollback_segs d
where s.taddr=t.addr and t.xidusn=r.usn and r.usn=u.usn and r.usn=d.SEGMENT_ID order by s.username;
 
检查UNDO Segment状态
select usn, xacts, rssize/1024/1024/1024, hwmsize/1024/1024/1024, shrinks
 from v$rollstat order by rssize;
 
创建新的UNDO表空间,并设置自动扩展参数;
create undo tablespace undotbs2 datafile '/oradata/oradata/ddptest/UNDOTBS2.dbf' size 1000m reuse autoextend on next 800m maxsize unlimited;
 
动态更改spfile配置文件;
alter system set undo_tablespace=undotbs2 scope=both;
 
等待原UNDO表空间所有UNDO SEGMENT OFFLINE;
select segment_name, tablespace_name, status from dba_rollback_segs;
 
再执行看UNDO表空间所有UNDO SEGMENT ONLINE;
select segment_name, tablespace_name, status from dba_rollback_segs;
 
删除原有的UNDO表空间;
drop tablespace undotbs2 including contents;
 
确认删除是否成功;
select name from v$tablespace;
 
册除原UNDO表空间的数据文件,其文件名为步骤中执行的结果。
#rm $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/$ORACLE_SID/undotbs02.dbf
 
-- 查看事务对应的回滚段
select a.name, b.xacts, c.sid, c.serial# ,d.sql_text
from v$rollname a,v$rollstat b,v$session c,v$sqltext d,v$transaction e
where a.usn=b.usn and b.usn=e.xidusn and c.taddr=e.addr
and c.sql_address=d.address and c.sql_hash_value=d.hash_value order by a.name,c.sid,d.piece;
 
-- 查看事务占用undo 空间
col username for a16
col oSUSEr for a16
SELECT t.used_ublk,
      s.username,
      s.sid,
      s.serial#,
      pr.PID,
      s.OSUSER,
      s.MACHINE,
      s.PROGRAM,
      rs.segment_id,
      r.usn,
      rs.segment_name,     
      r.rssize/1024/1024,
      sq.sql_text
  FROM v$transaction t, v$session s, v$rollstat r, dba_rollback_segs rs, v$sqltext sq, v$process pr
 WHERE s.saddr = t.ses_addr
  AND t.xidusn = r.usn
  AND rs.segment_id = t.xidusn
  AND s.sql_address=sq.address
  AND s.sql_hash_value = sq.hash_value
  AND s.PADDR=pr.ADDR
ORDER BY t.used_ublk DESC, sq.PIECE;

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