netlink套接字
Linux下如何实现用户态与内核态的交互呢?一种是上文讲的/proc文件,还有一种是netlink套接字机制,netlink实现了用户空间与内核空间双向通信方法。
netlink用户态API与常见的socket编程一致,只是内核态要实现自定义protocol。
一.内核态模块
该模块用于接收用户态信息,并发送一字符串响应。
#ifndef __KERNEL__ #define __KERNEL__ #endif /* __KERNEL__ */ #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/types.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/netdevice.h> #include <linux/uaccess.h> #include <net/sock.h> #include <net/netlink.h> // netlink #include <linux/string.h> #include <linux/ip.h> #define NETLINK_TEST 31 // 自定义用户协议 static struct sock *nlfd = NULL; // 内核socket文件描述符 static char *payload = "Hello user,i'm from kernel!"; // 向用户层发送消息 static int sendNLMsg(int pid,void *msg,int len) { struct sk_buff *skb; int size,count; struct nlmsghdr *nlmsgh = NULL; char *pos = NULL; int retval = 0; size = NLMSG_SPACE(len); // 加消息头部长度 skb = alloc_skb(size,GFP_KERNEL); // 申请空间 if(!skb) { retval = -1; return retval; } nlmsgh = nlmsg_put(skb,0,0,0,len,0); // 填充数据 pos = NLMSG_DATA(nlmsgh); memset(pos,0,len); memcpy(pos,msg,len); NETLINK_CB(skb).dst_group = 0; // 单播 count = netlink_unicast(nlfd,skb,pid,MSG_DONTWAIT); printk(KERN_ALERT "pid:%d send:%d\n",pid,count); return retval; } // 处理用户层传递的消息 static void handle_msg(struct sk_buff *_sk) { struct sk_buff *skb; struct nlmsghdr *nlh = NULL; char str[100] = {}; int pid; printk("==>handle_msg\n"); skb = skb_get(_sk); // 引用当前_sk if(skb->len >= NLMSG_SPACE(0)) { nlh = nlmsg_hdr(skb); // 获得信息头部 pid = nlh->nlmsg_pid; // 获取用户进程pid memcpy(str,NLMSG_DATA(nlh),100); printk(KERN_ERR "recv:%s\n",str); sendNLMsg(pid,payload,strlen(payload)); // 向用户层发送数据 kfree_skb(skb); } printk("<==handle_msg\n"); } // 建立netlink套接字 int NLCreate(void) { // 消息回调函数为handle_msg,注:参数1区别以往内核版本API,设为init_net nlfd = netlink_kernel_create(&init_net,NETLINK_TEST,1,handle_msg,NULL,THIS_MODULE); if(!nlfd) { return -1; } return 0; } // 清除netlink套接字 int NLDestroy(void) { if(nlfd) { sock_release(nlfd->sk_socket); } return 0; } static int __init netlink_init(void) { NLCreate(); return 0; } static void __exit netlink_exit(void) { NLDestroy(); } module_init(netlink_init); module_exit(netlink_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); MODULE_AUTHOR("kettas"); MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Netlink Test Demo"); MODULE_VERSION("1.0.1"); MODULE_ALIAS("Netlink 01");
二.用户态
该应用向内核模块发送信息,并接收来自内核响应字符串。
#include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <linux/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <string.h> #include <linux/netlink.h> #include <assert.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define NETLINK_TEST 31 #define MAX_NL_MSG_LEN 1024 typedef struct _packet_u { struct nlmsghdr hdr; char payload[1024]; }packet_u; static int nls; // socket文件描述符 // 向内核发送消息 int sendtokernel(char *buf,int len,int type) { struct nlmsghdr nlmsg; struct sockaddr_nl nldest = {}; int size; nldest.nl_family = AF_NETLINK; nldest.nl_pid = 0; nldest.nl_groups = 0; // 填充netlink消息头 nlmsg.nlmsg_len = NLMSG_LENGTH(len); nlmsg.nlmsg_pid = getpid(); nlmsg.nlmsg_flags = 0; nlmsg.nlmsg_type = type; // 填充负载 memcpy(NLMSG_DATA(&nlmsg),buf,len); // 发送 size = sendto(nls,&nlmsg,nlmsg.nlmsg_len,0,(struct sockaddr*)&nldest,sizeof(nldest)); return size; } // 接收内核消息 int recvfromkernel(void) { int size = 0; // 方法一:调用recvfrom方法接收内核数据,注此时message结构体包含有消息体 /* packet_u message; struct sockaddr_nl nldest = {}; int len = sizeof(nldest); memset(&message,0,sizeof(message)); nldest.nl_family = AF_NETLINK; nldest.nl_pid = 0; nldest.nl_groups = 0; // 接收消息 size = recvfrom(nls, &message, sizeof(message), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&nldest, &len); printf("size:%d recv:%s\n",size,message.payload); // NLMSG_DATA()与message.payload结果一致 */ // 方法二:调用recvmsg方法 struct sockaddr_nl nladdr; struct msghdr msg; struct iovec iov; struct nlmsghdr *nlhdr; nlhdr = (struct nlmsghdr *)malloc(MAX_NL_MSG_LEN); iov.iov_base = (void *)nlhdr; iov.iov_len = MAX_NL_MSG_LEN; msg.msg_name = (void *)&(nladdr); msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(nladdr); msg.msg_iov = &iov; msg.msg_iovlen = 1; size = recvmsg(nls, &msg, 0); printf("size:%d recv:%s\n",size,(char*)NLMSG_DATA(nlhdr)); return size; } int main(int argc,char **argv) { struct sockaddr_nl nlsource; int ret; // socket nls = socket(PF_NETLINK,SOCK_RAW,NETLINK_TEST); assert(nls!=-1); memset(&nlsource,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl)); nlsource.nl_family = AF_NETLINK; nlsource.nl_pid = getpid(); nlsource.nl_groups = 0; // bind ret = bind(nls,(struct sockaddr*)&nlsource,sizeof(nlsource)); assert(ret!=-1); // send char *str = "Hello kernel,i'm from user"; sendtokernel(str,strlen(str),0); // recv recvfromkernel(); close(nls); return 0; }
三.测试运行
[scada@linux netlink]$ sudo insmod netlink_test.ko [scada@linux netlink]$ ./netlink_u size:44 recv:Hello user,i'm from kernel! [scada@linux netlink]$ dmesg ==>handle_msg recv:Hello kernel,i'm from user pid:40122 send:44 <==handle_msg
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