linux expect
expect是一个自动化交互套件,主要应用于执行命令和程序时,系统以交互形式要求输入指定字符串,实现交互通信。
expect自动交互流程:
spawn启动指定进程---expect获取指定关键字---send向指定程序发送指定字符---执行完成退出.
expect常用命令总结:
spawn 交互程序开始后面跟命令或者指定程序 expect 获取匹配信息匹配成功则执行expect后面的程序动作 send exp_send 用于发送指定的字符串信息 exp_continue 在expect中多次匹配就需要用到 send_user 用来打印输出 相当于shell中的echo exit 退出expect脚本 eof expect执行结束 退出 set 定义变量 puts 输出变量 set timeout 设置超时时间
示例:
1.ssh登录远程主机执行命令,执行方法 expect 1.sh 或者 ./1.sh
# vim 1.sh
#!/usr/bin/expect spawn ssh df -Th expect "*password" send "123456\n" expect eof
2. ssh远程登录主机执行命令,在shell脚本中执行expect命令,执行方法sh 2.sh、bash 2.sh 或./2.sh都可以执行.
#!/bin/bash passwd=‘123456‘ /usr/bin/expect <<-EOF set time 30 spawn ssh df -Th expect { "*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue } "*password:" { send "$passwd\r" } } expect eof EOF
3.expect执行多条命令
#!/usr/bin/expect -f set timeout 10 spawn sudo su - root expect "*password*" send "123456\r" expect "#*" send "ls\r" expect "#*" send "df -Th\r" send "exit\r" expect eof
4. 创建ssh key,将id_rsa和id_rsa.pub文件分发到各台主机上面。
1.创建主机配置文件 [ script]# cat host 192.168.1.10 root 123456 192.168.1.20 root 123456 192.168.1.30 root 123456 [ script]# ls copykey.sh hosts 2.编写copykey.sh脚本,自动生成密钥并分发key. [ script]# vim copykey.sh #!/bin/bash # 判断id_rsa密钥文件是否存在 if [ ! -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa ];then ssh-keygen -t rsa -P "" -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa else echo "id_rsa has created ..." fi #分发到各个节点,这里分发到host文件中的主机中. while read line do user=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 2` ip=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 1` passwd=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 3` expect <<EOF set timeout 10 spawn ssh-copy-id $ip expect { "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue } "password" { send "$passwd\n" } } expect "password" { send "$passwd\n" } EOF done < hosts
[ ~]# cat ssh.sh
#!/bin/bash
HH=$IFS
IFS=$‘\n‘
for i in `cat /root/host`;do
ip=`echo $i | awk ‘{print $1}‘`
psd=`echo $i |awk ‘{print $2}‘`
echo "$ip $psd"
expect <<EOF
set timeout 10
spawn ssh-copy-id $ip
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
"password" { send "$psd\n" }
}
expect "password" { send "$psd\n" }
EOF
done
IFS=$HH
5. shell调用expect执行多行命令.
#!/bin/bash ip=$1 user=$2 password=$3 expect <<EOF set timeout 10 spawn ssh $ip expect { "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue } "password" { send "$password\n" } } expect "]#" { send "useradd hehe\n" } expect "]#" { send "touch /tmp/test.txt\n" } expect "]#" { send "exit\n" } expect eof EOF #./ssh5.sh 192.168.1.10 root 123456