linux装软件

====权限==============
 
drwxr-xr-x
d:目录
read write execute
 
-rw-r--r-- 文件
 
rwx    r-x        r-x
111   101      101
  7        5         5
用户  用户组  其他组
  g         u        o
 
777 最高权限
 
更改权限的命令:===========
chmod g(u/o)+(-)w 文件
chmod 777 文件名
chmod 777 -R 文件名 递归授权(子目录也获得权限)
 
添加用户和用户组:=============
创建用户组:groupadd 组名
删除用户组:groupdel 组名 （只能删除空的组）
 
创建用户组(指定组id):   
          groupadd -g 701 tomcat  指定tomcat的groupId为701
创建用户(在指定的组下):
         useradd -g 701 tomcat    在指定的groupId下创建tomcat用户
修改用户密码:     passwd tomcat
切换用户 su - tomcat
 
* 切换用户：su - tomcat，
注意加 - ；环境变量使用的tomcat用户定义的环境变量
 
 
===linux下安装软件3种方式:=====
 1 rpm包   相当于windows的exe，属于二进制安装
 2 tar包   直接解压安装
 3 yum安装  （centos的在线安装），在线安装的prm
 
安装rpm的常用命令:
 rpm -i 安装(install)
 rpm -ivh 安装并显示进度
 
=安装JDK======================
 安装之前,先检查一下是否安装过JDK
 OpenJDK 社区版jdk
 
  一；tomcat用户下设置jdk的环境变量即可,不影响其他的用户环境
 
 使用命令: chown 改变文件的所有者
 
 chown tomcat /opt/software/jdk-7u67-linux-x64.rpm
 
 注意:安装软件都要使用root
 安装rpm:
 rpm -ivh /opt/software/jdk-7u67-linux-x64.rpm
 
  二；在tomcat用户下,配置jdk的环境变量(用户级):=====
 1 cd
 2 ls -la (要查看隐藏文件)
 3 vi .bash_profile
   JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_67
   export JAVA_HOME
   PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
 
 4 echo $PATH 回显 (分隔符是:)
 
 5 切换用户(才生效),最终在tomcat用户下 java -version
 
    root用户下配置jdk环境变量(系统级别):=====
 1 vi etc/profile
  
   JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_67
   export JAVA_HOME
   PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
   export PATH
 
 2 source /etc/profile 让配置文件立即生效
 
=mysql安装:=============
 1 查找是否安装过mysql 的rpm包
   rpm -qa | grep mysql
   rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64 卸载
   若有依赖关系,需要强删:
   rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64 --nodeps

 2 解tar
   tar -xvf tar包 (解压到当前目录)
   tar -xvf tar包 -C   大写C指定目录( man tar)
 
 3 rpm安装顺序(先server 后client)
  
 4 查mysql的进程启动状态
   ps -ef|grep mysql
 
   chkconfig --list 查看所有服务
 
   service msyql start 启动mysql服务 
 
 5 进入mysql
   mysql -u root -p    （初始没有密码）
  
   改初始密码
   先
   退出mysql：exit
   再
   mysqladmin -u root -p password
   Enter password：    //直接Enter，因为初始没有密码
   New password：      //设置新密码
   Confirm new password：
 
 6 修改mysql的字符集--
   show variables like 'chara%'; --查看字符集是否设置为u8

mysql> show variables like 'chara%';
  +--------------------------+----------------------------+
  | Variable_name            | Value                      |
  +--------------------------+----------------------------+
  | character_set_client     | utf8                       |
  | character_set_connection | utf8                       |
  | character_set_database   | latin1                     |
  | character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
  | character_set_results    | utf8                       |
  | character_set_server     | latin1                     |
  | character_set_system     | utf8                       |
  | character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
  +--------------------------+----------------------------+
  8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 
   
  通过修改配置文件，改字符编码
       配置文件在：/usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf
       需要把my-small.cnf拷贝到etc目录下作为一个全局配置文件
       

[tomcat@mylinux mysql]$ cat my-small.cnf 
       # Example MySQL config file for small systems.
       #
       # This is for a system with little memory (<= 64M) where MySQL is only used
       # from time to time and it's important that the mysqld daemon
       # doesn't use much resources.
       #
       # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
       # locations which depend on the deployment platform.
       # You can copy this option file to one of those
       # locations. For information about these locations, see:
       # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
       #
       # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
       # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
       # with the "--help" option.

       # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
       [client]
       #password = your_password
       port  = 3306
       socket  = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

       # Here follows entries for some specific programs

       # The MySQL server
       [mysqld]
       port  = 3306
       socket  = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
       skip-external-locking
       key_buffer_size = 16K
       max_allowed_packet = 1M
       table_open_cache = 4
       sort_buffer_size = 64K
       read_buffer_size = 256K
       read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
       net_buffer_length = 2K
       thread_stack = 128K

       # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
       # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
       # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
       # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
       # (using the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
       # 
       #skip-networking
       server-id = 1

       # Uncomment the following if you want to log updates
       #log-bin=mysql-bin

       # binary logging format - mixed recommended
       #binlog_format=mixed

       # Causes updates to non-transactional engines using statement format to be
       # written directly to binary log. Before using this option make sure that
       # there are no dependencies between transactional and non-transactional
       # tables such as in the statement INSERT INTO t_myisam SELECT * FROM
       # t_innodb; otherwise, slaves may diverge from the master.
       #binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates=TRUE

       # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
       #innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql
       #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
       #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql
       # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
       # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
       #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
       #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
       # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
       #innodb_log_file_size = 5M
       #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
       #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
       #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

       [mysqldump]
       quick
       max_allowed_packet = 16M

       [mysql]
       no-auto-rehash
       # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
       #safe-updates

       [myisamchk]
       key_buffer_size = 8M
       sort_buffer_size = 8M

       [mysqlhotcopy]
       interactive-timeout
       [tomcat@mylinux mysql]$

   查找/etc目录下是否有my.cnf文件；
             ls -l | grep my.cnf (在/etc下查找是否有my.cnf文件存在)
  拷贝my-small.cnf到etc目录下，名my.cnf:
  cp /usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf
   在[mysqld]下面加上设置:
   character_set_server = utf8
  修改完成之后,重启mysql服务
   service mysql restart
 
 7 关闭防火墙 (service iptables stop) 不可取
   开启端口:
   iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT  开放3306端口
   service iptables save             保存配置
 
 8 查看mysql的日志 (看mysql的报错等)
   cd /var/lib/mysql
 
 9 SQLYoung访问,需要授权
 
    登录mysql后(%是全部ip可登陆，也可换成指定ip/也可以把root用户换成别的用户)
 MYSQL-->  grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%'
    identified by 'root用户密码' with grant option;
  
    flush privileges; 刷新mysql的系统权限相关表
   
=tomcat安装==================
 
 1 解压tar包
  tar -xvf tar包 -C 指定目录
  （  解压zip包
      unzip   ）
 
 2 放开端口
    iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT
   service iptables save 保存配置
 
 3 ./ 执行
   启动tomcat  ./startup.sh
   停止tomcat  ./shutdown.sh
 
 4 查看日志: tail -f log日志文件