轻轻松松上手vue、vue-router、axios、express
轻轻松松上手vue、vue-router、axios、express
写在前面
vue是一个很优秀的库，但是你可能只是想在个别页面用到vue，并不是把vue作为技术栈来使用，或者你是一个初学者，想迅速的入门vue，那这篇文章可能是对你有帮助的
本篇文章不打算用webpack、不打算用vue-cli脚手架等工具，只教你如果通过简单的引入对应js文件来使用vue和vue常用组件
本文要实现的效果
用express返回一段数据，用axios请求这段数据，然后用vue渲染出来，用vue-router切换页面
代码解释
首先在用express返回一个食物列表，然后在vue的mounted方法获取到数据，在注册3个组件，用vue-router进行切换，并把获取到的数据传入到home这个组件中去.本文把vue、vue-router、axios、express用最简单的方式结合在一起，大家能搞懂他们的基本用法就好。
demo地址
vue
基础阅读
vue其实没什么好写的，因为都被大家写透了，所以列了几篇文章给大家看一下，有兴趣就跟着练一练。
第一个是vue官网，只需要先看一下它的基础部分，第二个是你可以把它当做是官网的重复，看一遍只当复习了，第三个是几个简单vue小例子，有兴趣就做一做，没兴趣也要至少也要把代码过一遍，当然如果觉得一切都是so easy就不用看啦。
vue快速入门的三个小实例
用vue实现一个列表，并增加收藏功能
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>vue-demo1</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue"></script>
<style>
* {
padding: 0px;
margin: 0px;
}
ul,
li {
list-style: none;
}
.list {
width: 450px;
margin: 100px auto;
}
.list li {
height: 50px;
line-height: 50px;
background-color: #dee;
}
.list span {
display: inline-block;
}
.list .name {
padding-left: 30px;
text-align: left;
width: 150px;
}
.list img {
width: 40px;
height: 40px;
margin-left: 100px;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.list .price {
width: 100px;
text-align: center;
}
li.bgActive {
background-color: #eed;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="list">
<food-list :foodlist="foodList"></food-list>
</div>
<script>
Vue.component('foodList', {
template: `
<ul class="list">
<li v-for="(item,index) in foodlist" :class="{bgActive:index % 2 != 1}">
<span v-text="item.name" class="name"></span>
<span class="price">30</span>
<img :src="imgSrc(item)" alt="" @click="shouchangClick(item)">
</li>
</ul>
`,
props: ['foodlist'],
methods: {
imgSrc: function(item) {
if (item.isSelect) {
return './img/shouchang_fill.png'
} else {
return './img/shouchang.png'
}
},
shouchangClick: function(item) {
item.isSelect = !item.isSelect
}
},
});
var foodList = [{ name: '香菇青菜', isSelect: false }, { name: '冬瓜排骨', isSelect: false }, { name: '青椒肉丝', isSelect: false }, { name: '爆炒虾仁', isSelect: false }, { name: '红烧茄子', isSelect: false }]
new Vue({
el: list,
data: {
foodList
}
})
</script>
</body>
</html>express
搭建简单的服务器环境
在这里使用express，是为了演示axios的用法，为了足够简单，这里只是用express返回一段数据并把根目录直接设置成静态文件目录即可
const express = require('express')
const app = express()
app.use(express.static(__dirname))
const foodlist = [{ name: '香菇青菜', isSelect: false }, { name: '冬瓜排骨', isSelect: false }, { name: '青椒肉丝', isSelect: false }, { name: '爆炒虾仁', isSelect: false }, { name: '红烧茄子', isSelect: false }]
app.get('/foodlist', function(req, res) {
res.send(foodlist)
})
app.listen(8000)http://localhost:8000/index.html 会正常显示index.html
http://localhost:8000/foodlist 会返回foodlist这个数组
axios
用vue中使用axios
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>vue-demo1</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
<style>
* {
padding: 0px;
margin: 0px;
}
ul,
li {
list-style: none;
}
.list {
width: 450px;
margin: 100px auto;
}
.list li {
height: 50px;
line-height: 50px;
background-color: #dee;
}
.list span {
display: inline-block;
}
.list .name {
padding-left: 30px;
text-align: left;
width: 150px;
}
.list img {
width: 40px;
height: 40px;
margin-left: 100px;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.list .price {
width: 100px;
text-align: center;
}
li.bgActive {
background-color: #eed;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="list">
<food-list :foodlist="foodList"></food-list>
</div>
<script>
Vue.component('foodList', {
template: `
<ul class="list">
<li v-for="(item,index) in foodlist" :class="{bgActive:index % 2 != 1}">
<span v-text="item.name" class="name"></span>
<span class="price">30</span>
<img :src="imgSrc(item)" alt="" @click="shouchangClick(item)">
</li>
</ul>
`,
props: ['foodlist'],
methods: {
imgSrc: function(item) {
if (item.isSelect) {
return './img/shouchang_fill.png'
} else {
return './img/shouchang.png'
}
},
shouchangClick: function(item) {
item.isSelect = !item.isSelect
}
},
});
var foodList = []
new Vue({
el: list,
data: {
foodList
},
mounted: function() {
_this = this
axios.get('/foodlist')
.then(function(res) {
_this.foodList = res.data
})
.catch(function(error) {
console.log(error)
});
}
})
</script>
</body>
</html>通过http://localhost:8000/index.html ,这个时候网页中的数据已经是通过axios请求到服务器数据了
vue-router
资料
为了更好的理解前端路由的存在，你需要看这篇文章：前端：你要懂的单页面应用和多页面应用
这篇文章可以让你快速入门vue-router vue-router 60分钟快速入门
直接看代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>vue-demo1</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue-router"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
<style>
* {
padding: 0px;
margin: 0px;
}
ul,
li {
list-style: none;
}
#linkList {
width: 360px;
height: 40px;
margin: 50px auto;
}
#linkList li {
width: 120px;
height: 40px;
line-height: 40px;
background-color: #ddd;
text-align: center;
font-size: 18px;
float: left;
}
#linkList li:hover {
cursor: pointer;
}
#linkList li.router-link-active {
background-color: #aee;
}
.list {
width: 450px;
margin: 100px auto;
}
.list li {
height: 50px;
line-height: 50px;
background-color: #dee;
}
.list span {
display: inline-block;
}
.list .name {
padding-left: 30px;
text-align: left;
width: 150px;
}
.list img {
width: 40px;
height: 40px;
margin-left: 100px;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.list .price {
width: 100px;
text-align: center;
}
li.bgActive {
background-color: #eed;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<ul id="linkList">
<router-link to="/home" tag="li">主页</router-link>
<router-link to="/shoucang" tag="li">收藏</router-link>
<router-link to="/me" tag="li">我的</router-link>
</ul>
<router-view :foodlist="foodList"></router-view>
</div>
<script>
const home = {
template: `
<ul class="list">
<li v-for="(item,index) in foodlist" :class="{bgActive:index % 2 != 1}">
<span v-text="item.name" class="name"></span>
<span class="price">30</span>
<img :src="imgSrc(item)" alt="" @click="shouchangClick(item)">
</li>
</ul>
`,
props: ['foodlist'],
methods: {
imgSrc: function(item) {
if (item.isSelect) {
return './img/shouchang_fill.png'
} else {
return './img/shouchang.png'
}
},
shouchangClick: function(item) {
item.isSelect = !item.isSelect
}
}
}
const shouchang = {
template: '<div style="text-align:center">收藏</div>'
}
const me = {
template: '<div style="text-align:center">我的</div>'
}
const routes = [
{ path: '/home', component: home },
{ path: '/shoucang', component: shouchang },
{ path: '/me', component: me }
]
const router = new VueRouter({
routes
})
var foodList = []
new Vue({
el: "#app",
data: {
foodList
},
router,
mounted: function() {
_this = this
axios.get('/foodlist')
.then(function(res) {
_this.foodList = res.data
})
.catch(function(error) {
console.log(error)
});
}
})
</script>
</body>
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