Linux 平台下 RMAN 全备和增量备份 Shell 脚本

一. 一些准备知识

Oracle 分归档和非归档模式。 这两者的区别就是对redo log的处理。归档模式下,当一个redo log 写满之后,就会把这个redo log里的内容写入归档文件,等写完之后,这个redo log 就可以继续使用,如果是非归档模式下,redo log 就直接覆盖了。 恢复一般都需要归档文件,这里面记录了对数据库的操作,所以生产库一般都运行在归档模式下。 关于归档模式和非归档模式的切换参考Blog:

Oracle 归档与非归档的切换

RMAN 备份的存放位置也有2种选择,一种是直接备份到磁盘,另一种就是备份到磁带。 现在的大公司,一般都使用Symnatec Veritas NetBackup 软件来进行备份。 这款软件扩展了RMAN的功能和优点,所有用起来比较方便。 08年刚工作的时候就遇到了一个安装NetBackup的实战机会,可惜那时刚接触Oracle,连Oracle 都不了解,更不提NetBackup了, 转眼2年过去了,在也没有遇到这样的机会,不知道什么时候才能玩玩NetBackup。 遗憾啊。

使用RMAN 备份也分catalog 和nocatalog,就是是否使用恢复目录,如果不使用恢复目录,那么就是用control file作为catalog,每一次备份都要往控制文件里面写好多备份信息,控制文件里面会有越来越多的备份信息。因此,当使用rman nocatalog方式备份时,备份controlfile是非常重要的。 如果使用catalog模式,就需要句需要创建catalog目录。 当库比较多时,使用catalog也是比较方便的。

RMAN的备份也分两种,一种是全备,另一种增量备份。 全备适用与数据库比较小的情况,如果库大的话就需要使用增量备份了,因为这样能减少备份的时间。

修改控制文件的保存时间,从默认的7天改成14天

SQL> show parameter control

SQL> alter system set control_file_record_keep_time=14 scope=both;

开启控制文件的自动备份,开启之后在数据库备份或者数据文件(比如添加数据文件)有修改的时候都会自动备份控制文件和spfile文件。

Configure controlfile autobackup on;

当数据库兼容性设置为大于等于10.0.0时,尽管在没有0级备份情况做1级的增量备份实际上是一个全备,但是这个全备也是1级的,不能用作1级积累增量备份的基础备份,这个是在设计备份策略的时候要注意的问题。

二. 全备脚本

以 nocatalog 模式为例:

Shell 脚本:

########################################################################

##   hot_database_backup.sh      ##

##   created by Tianlesoftware   ##

##        2010-7-16                 ##

#########################################################################

#!/bin/sh

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Determine the user which is executing this script.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

CUSER=`id |cut -d"(" -f2 | cut -d ")" -f1`

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Put output in <this file name>.out. Change as desired.

# Note: output directory requires write permission.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

RMAN_LOG_FILE=${0}.out

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# You may want to delete the output file so that backup information does

# not accumulate.  If not, delete the following lines.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

if [ -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE" ]

then

rm -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE"

fi

# -----------------------------------------------------------------

# Initialize the log file.

# -----------------------------------------------------------------

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

chmod 666 $RMAN_LOG_FILE

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Log the start of this script.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo ==== started on `date` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Oracle home path.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_HOME

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# the Oracle SID of the target database.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_SID=orcl

export ORACLE_SID

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# The Oracle DBA user id (account).

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_USER=oracle

export ORACLE_USER

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Set the Oracle Recovery Manager name.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

RMAN=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Print out the value of the variables set by this script.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo   "RMAN: $RMAN" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo   "ORACLE_SID: $ORACLE_SID" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo   "ORACLE_USER: $ORACLE_USER" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo   "ORACLE_HOME: $ORACLE_HOME" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Print out the value of the variables set by bphdb.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#echo  >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

#echo   "NB_ORA_FULL: $NB_ORA_FULL" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

#echo   "NB_ORA_INCR: $NB_ORA_INCR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

#echo   "NB_ORA_CINC: $NB_ORA_CINC" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

#echo   "NB_ORA_SERV: $NB_ORA_SERV" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

#echo   "NB_ORA_POLICY: $NB_ORA_POLICY" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# NOTE: This script assumes that the database is properly opened. If desired,

# this would be the place to verify that.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Call Recovery Manager to initiate the backup.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

CMD_STR="

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME

export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=$ORACLE_SID

export ORACLE_SID

$RMAN nocatalog target sys/admin  msglog $RMAN_LOG_FILE append << EOF

RUN {

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

BACKUP FORMAT '/u01/backup/orcl_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5  DATABASE TAG orcl_hot_db_bk;

sql 'alter system archive log current';

BACKUP FORMAT '/u01/backup/arch_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5 ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;

backup current controlfile tag='bak_ctlfile' format='/u01/backup/ctl_file_%U_%T';

backup spfile tag='spfile' format='/u01/backup/ORCL_spfile_%U_%T';

release channel c2;

release channel c1;

}

report obsolete;

delete noprompt obsolete;

crosscheck backup;

delete noprompt expired backup;

list backup summary;

#EOF

"

# Initiate the command string

if [ "$CUSER" = "root" ]

then

echo "Root Command String: $CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

RSTAT=$?

else

echo "User Command String: $CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

/bin/sh -c "$CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

RSTAT=$?

fi

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Log the completion of this script.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

if [ "$RSTAT" = "0" ]

then

LOGMSG="ended successfully"

else

LOGMSG="ended in error"

fi

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo ==== $LOGMSG on `date` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

/bin/mailx -s "RMAN Backup SID " [email protected] < $RMAN_LOG_FILE

exit $RSTAT

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