Nginx:--反向代理之(负载均衡-upstream模块)
一、复杂均衡概述
负载均衡也是Nginx常用的一个功能,负载均衡其意思就是分摊到多个操作单元上进行执行,例如Web服务器、FTP 服务器、企业关键应用服务器和其它关键任务服务器等,从而共同完成工作任务
简单而言就是当有2台或以上服务器时,根据规则随机的将请求分发到 指定的服务器上处理,负载均衡配置一般都需要同时配置反向代理,通过反向代理跳转到负载均衡
二、upstream模块
在前一篇文章中我们介绍了反向代理,其中使用了proxy_pass指令指定了反向代理,但是proxy_pass只能指定一个反向代理服务器
而upstream模块会启用一个新的配置区段,在该区段定义了一组上游服务器
这些服务器可以被设置不同的权重(权重越高的上游服务器会被NgINX传递更多的连接)
这些服务器也可以是不同的类型(TCP、UNIX域)
也可能处于对服务器进行维护的原因,其中某些被标记为down
演示案例:下面的location块,其代理了三台服务器
http {
//上游服务器,其中有三台
upstream app {
server 127.0.0.1:9000;
server 127.0.0.1:9001;
server 127.0.0.1:9002;
}
server {
location / {
//反向代理三台上游服务器
proxy_pass http://app;
}
}
}
三、负载均衡的实现策略
Nginx目前支持6种负载均衡策略:
RR(Nginx自带的)
权重(Nginx自带的)
ip_hash(Nginx自带的)
least_conn(Nginx自带的)
fair(第三方策略)
url_hash(第三方策略)
6种实现策略适用情况不同,其中fair和url_hash策略需要安装第三方模块才能使用
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①轮询(RR,默认策略)
?概念:每个请求按时间顺序逐一分配到不同的后端服务器
?默认模式的特点: ?如果某个后端服务器down掉,会自动剔除