CentOS 6.5安装Python2.7.14

在CentOS 6.5下安装Python2.7.14过程。

查看当前系统中的 Python 版本

python --version 

python --version

返回 Python 2.6.6 为正常。
检查 CentOS 版本

cat /etc/RedHat-release 

cat /etc/redhat-release

返回 CentOS release 6.5 (Final) 为正常。
安装所有的开发工具包

yum groupinstall -y "Development tools" 

yum groupinstall -y "Development tools"

安装其它的必需包

yum install -y zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel 

yum install -y zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel

下载、编译和安装 Python 2.7.14

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.14/Python-2.7.14.tgz 
tar zxf Python-2.7.14.tgz 
cd Python-2.7.14 
./configure 
make && make install 

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.14/Python-2.7.14.tgz
tar zxf Python-2.7.14.tgz
cd Python-2.7.14
./configure
make && make install

默认 Python 2.7.14 会安装在 /usr/local/bin 目录下。

ll -tr /usr/local/bin/python* 
 
/usr/local/bin/python2.7 
/usr/local/bin/python2.7-config 
/usr/local/bin/python -> python2 
/usr/local/bin/python2 -> python2.7 
/usr/local/bin/python2-config -> python2.7-config 
/usr/local/bin/python-config -> python2-config 

ll -tr /usr/local/bin/python*

/usr/local/bin/python2.7
/usr/local/bin/python2.7-config
/usr/local/bin/python -> python2
/usr/local/bin/python2 -> python2.7
/usr/local/bin/python2-config -> python2.7-config
/usr/local/bin/python-config -> python2-config

而系统自带的 Python 是在 /usr/bin 目录下。

ll -tr /usr/bin/python* 
 
/usr/bin/python2.6-config 
/usr/bin/python2.6 
/usr/bin/python 
/usr/bin/python2 -> python 
/usr/bin/python-config -> python2.6-config 

ll -tr /usr/bin/python*

/usr/bin/python2.6-config
/usr/bin/python2.6
/usr/bin/python
/usr/bin/python2 -> python
/usr/bin/python-config -> python2.6-config

更新系统默认 Python 版本
先把系统默认的旧版 Python 重命名。

mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.old 

mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.old

再删除系统默认的 python-config 软链接。]

rm -f /usr/bin/python-config 

rm -f /usr/bin/python-config

最后创建新版本的 Python 软链接。

ln -s /usr/local/bin/python /usr/bin/python 
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python-config /usr/bin/python-config 
ln -s /usr/local/include/python2.7/ /usr/include/python2.7 

ln -s /usr/local/bin/python /usr/bin/python
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python-config /usr/bin/python-config
ln -s /usr/local/include/python2.7/ /usr/include/python2.7

以上步骤做完以后，目录 /usr/bin 下的 Python 应该是

ll -tr /usr/bin/python* 

/usr/bin/python2.6-config 

/usr/bin/python2.6 

/usr/bin/python.old 

/usr/bin/python2 -> python 

/usr/bin/python -> /usr/local/bin/python 

/usr/bin/python-config -> /usr/local/bin/python-config 

ll -tr /usr/bin/python*

/usr/bin/python2.6-config
/usr/bin/python2.6
/usr/bin/python.old
/usr/bin/python2 -> python
/usr/bin/python -> /usr/local/bin/python
/usr/bin/python-config -> /usr/local/bin/python-config

查看新的 Python 版本

python --version 

python --version

返回 Python 2.7.14 为正常。
以下步骤还是有必要的
为新版 Python 安装 setuptools

wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py -O - | python 

wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py -O - | python

上述方式异常时，直接输入

https://pypi.io/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-33.1.1.zip 

https://pypi.io/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-33.1.1.zip

下载解压后进行python install setup.py进行安装

setuptools 正确安装完成后，easy_install 命令就会被安装在 /usr/local/bin 目录下了。
为新版 Python 安装 pip

easy_install pip

easy_install pip

正确安装完成后，pip 命令就会被安装在 /usr/local/bin 目录下了。
为新版 Python 安装 distribute 包（可选）

pip install distribute 

pip install distribute

至此，新版 Python 即算安装完毕了。
注意：这可能会导致以前安装过的 Python 程序运行不了或者无法重启之类的（比如著名的 Shadowsocks Python 版）。原因是旧版的 pkg_resources 位于 /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages 下。而新版的则是在 /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages 下。
所以，我们需要将python2.6下site-packages目录中的文件拷贝到python2.7/site-packages下。

cp -r /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ 
cp -r /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ 
cp -r /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/iniparse /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ 
cp -r /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/urlgrabber /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ 
cp -r /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/rpm /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ 
cp -r /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/curl /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ 
cp -p /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/pycurl.so /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ 
cp -p /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/_sqlitecache.so /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ 
cp -p /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/sqlitecachec.py /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ 
cp -p /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/sqlitecachec.pyc /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ 
cp -p /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/sqlitecachec.pyo /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/