webpack配置练习typescript的web项目

SelinaChan

2019-12-24

目前最流行的三大框架，Angular高版本强制依赖ts，后来react和vue也引入对ts的支持。ts除了是js的超集，还很可能是js的未来，花点时间学一下也是有必要的。先从配置一个ts的web开发环境说起。

首先建立文件夹ts-web并进入，然后初始化npm

# 创建项目文件夹ts-web
mkdir ts-web
# 进入文件夹
cd ts-web
# 初始化npm
npm init -y

安装与ts有关的依赖

# 首先需要全局安装typescript
npm i typescript -g

# 再在项目中安装typescript和ts-loader
npm i typescript ts-loader -D

安装与webpack有关的依赖

npm i webpack webpack-cli webpack-dev-server webpack-merge html-webpack-plugin clean-webpack-plugin -D

./package.json

{
  "name": "ts-web",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "keywords": [],
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "devDependencies": {
    "clean-webpack-plugin": "^3.0.0",
    "html-webpack-plugin": "^3.2.0",
    "ts-loader": "^6.2.1",
    "typescript": "^3.7.4",
    "webpack": "^4.41.4",
    "webpack-cli": "^3.3.10",
    "webpack-dev-server": "^3.10.1",
    "webpack-merge": "^4.2.2"
  }
}

webpack-cli是webpack简易客户端
webpack-dev-server可以通过配置项启动本地web服务
webpack-merge用来和并webpack的配置文件
html-webpack-plugin配置html的入口
clean-webpack-plugin的作用是编译时清空之前生成的文件

使用tsc --init命令创建tsconfig.json
shell tsc --init
./tsconfig.json

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "es5",
    "module": "commonjs", 
    "strict": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true 
  }
}

默认会是上面几个属性值，先不用管。

配置webpack
在根目录下创建build文件夹，build文件夹下创建以下四个配置文件

文件名	说明
webpack.base.config.js	基本配置
webpack.config.js	默认配置
webpack.dev.config.js	开发环境配置
webpack.dev.config.js	生成环境配置

./build/webpack.config.js

const merge = require('webpack-merge')
const baseConfig = require('./webpack.base.config')
const devConfig = require('./webpack.dev.config')
const proConfig = require('./webpack.pro.config')

module.exports = (env, argv) => {
  let config = argv.mode === 'development' ? devConfig : proConfig;
  return merge(baseConfig, config);
};

./build/webpack.base.config.js

const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin')

module.exports = {
  entry: './src/index.ts',
  output: {
    filename: 'app.js'
  },
  resolve: {
    extensions: ['.js', '.ts', '.tsx']
  },
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.tsx?$/i,
        use: [{
          loader: 'ts-loader'
        }],
        exclude: /node_modules/
      }
    ]
  },
  plugins: [
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: './src/tpl/index.html'
    })
  ]
}

这里定义了入口文件是‘./src/index.ts‘，输出文件名为‘app.js‘，‘plugins‘中定义的默认html模板是‘./src/tpl/index.html‘，需要创建对应的文件。

./build/webpack.dev.config.js

module.exports = {
  devtool: 'cheap-module-eval-source-map'
}

./build/webpack.pro.config.js

const { CleanWebpackPlugin } = require('clean-webpack-plugin')

module.exports = {
  plugins: [
    new CleanWebpackPlugin()
  ]
}

此时需要修改一下package.json
./package.json

{
  "name": "ts-web",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "./src/index.ts",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "webpack-dev-server --mode=development --config ./build/webpack.config.js",
    "build": "webpack --mode=production --config ./build/webpack.config.js",
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "keywords": [],
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "devDependencies": {
    "clean-webpack-plugin": "^3.0.0",
    "html-webpack-plugin": "^3.2.0",
    "ts-loader": "^6.2.1",
    "typescript": "^3.7.4",
    "webpack": "^4.41.4",
    "webpack-cli": "^3.3.10",
    "webpack-dev-server": "^3.10.1",
    "webpack-merge": "^4.2.2"
  }
}

入口文件"main"改为"./src/index.ts"
"scripts"增加两个脚本"start"和"build"

此时创建html模板
./src/tpl/index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
  <title>TypeScript Web Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="app"></div>
  <div class="app"></div>
</body>
</html>

创建ts的入口文件
./src/index.ts

let str : string = 'hello ts';
let num : number = 200;
document.querySelectorAll('.app')[0].innerHTML = str;
document.querySelectorAll('.app')[1].innerHTML = num.toString();

启动服务
shell npm start

访问 http://localhost:8080/ 会看到结果

执行编译命令
shell npm run build

会看到根目录生成dist文件夹，直接运行里面的index.html即可

typescript webpack web开发 webpack-dev-server