安装与配置实践:
1. 安装pcre库,使Nginx支持正则表达式
# wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.30.tar.gz
# tar -xzvf pcre-8.30.tar.gz
注:不需要执行编译和安装过程(系统通常已经安装有较低版本的RPM包),因此仅作为编译Nginx时的引用。
2. 安装zlib库
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/libpng/files/zlib/1.2.6/zlib-1.2.6.tar.gz/download
tar -xzvf zlib-1.2.6.tar.gz
注:不需要执行编译和安装过程(系统通常已经安装有较低版本的RPM包),因此仅作为编译Nginx时的引用。
3. 编译安装Nginx
# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.1.9.tar.gz
# tar -xzvf nginx-1.1.9.tar.gz
# mkdir -p /opt/nginx/tmp
# mkdir -p /opt/nginx/run
# mkdir -p /opt/nginx/lock
# useradd nginx
# cd nginx-1.1.9
# ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--pid-path=/opt/nginx/run/nginx.pid \
--lock-path=/opt/nginx/lock/nginx.lock \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_dav_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-mail \
--with-mail_ssl_module \
--with-pcre=../pcre-8.30 \
--with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.6 \
--with-debug \
--http-client-body-temp-path=/opt/nginx/tmp/client \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/opt/nginx/tmp/proxy \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/opt/nginx/tmp/fastcgi \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/opt/nginx/tmp/uwsgi \
--http-scgi-temp-path=/opt/nginx/tmp/scgi
参数详解:
--prefix #nginx安装目录,默认在/usr/local/nginx
--user=nginx #运行nginx的用户
--group=nginx #运行nginx的用户组
--pid-path #pid问件位置,默认在logs目录
--lock-path #lock问件位置,默认在logs目录
--with-http_ssl_module #开启HTTP SSL模块,以支持HTTPS请求。
--with-http_dav_module #开启WebDAV扩展动作模块,可为文件和目录指定权限
--with-http_flv_module #支持对FLV文件的拖动播放
--with-http_realip_module #支持显示真实来源IP地址
--with-http_gzip_static_module #预压缩文件传前检查,防止文件被重复压缩
--with-http_stub_status_module #取得一些nginx的运行状态
--with-mail #允许POP3/IMAP4/SMTP代理模块
--with-mail_ssl_module #允许POP3/IMAP/SMTP可以使用SSL/TLS
--with-pcre=../pcre-8.11 #指定未安装的pcre路径
--with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.5 #注意是未安装的zlib路径
--with-debug #允许调试日志
--http-client-body-temp-path #客户端请求临时文件路径
--http-proxy-temp-path #设置http proxy临时文件路径
--http-fastcgi-temp-path #设置http fastcgi临时文件路径
--http-uwsgi-temp-path #设置uwsgi 临时文件路径
--http-scgi-temp-path #设置scgi 临时文件路径
# make && make install
安装完成后会看到以下信息:
---
Configuration summary
+ using PCRE library: ../pcre-8.30
+ using system OpenSSL library
+ md5: using OpenSSL library
+ sha1: using OpenSSL library
+ using zlib library: ../zlib-1.2.6
nginx path prefix: "/opt/nginx"
nginx binary file: "/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx"
nginx configuration prefix: "/opt/nginx/conf"
nginx configuration file: "/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
nginx pid file: "/opt/nginx/run/nginx.pid"
nginx error log file: "/opt/nginx/logs/error.log"
nginx http access log file: "/opt/nginx/logs/access.log"
nginx http client request body temporary files: "/opt/nginx/tmp/client"
nginx http proxy temporary files: "/opt/nginx/tmp/proxy"
nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "/opt/nginx/tmp/fastcgi"
nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "/opt/nginx/tmp/uwsgi"
nginx http scgi temporary files: "/opt/nginx/tmp/scgi"
---
4. 配置Nginx服务脚本
# mkdir -p /opt/nginx/init.d
# vim /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx
001 | <font color="#008200">#!/bin/sh</font> |
002 | <font color="#008200">#</font> |
003 | <font color="#008200"># nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemin</font> |
004 | <font color="#008200">#</font> |
005 | <font color="#008200"># chkconfig: - 85 15</font> |
006 | <font color="#008200"># description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \</font> |
007 | <font color="#008200"># proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server</font> |
008 | <font color="#008200"># processname: nginx</font> |
009 | <font color="#008200"># config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf</font> |
010 | <font color="#008200"># pidfile: /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid</font> |
012 | <font color="#008200"># Source function library.</font> |
013 | . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions |
015 | <font color="#008200"># Source networking configuration.</font> |
016 | . /etc/sysconfig/network |
018 | <font color="#008200"># Check that networking is up.</font> |
019 | [ <font color="#0000ff">"$NETWORKING"</font> = <font color="#0000ff">"no"</font> ] && <font color="#ff1493">exit</font> 0 |
021 | nginx= <font color="#0000ff">"/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx"</font> |
022 | prog=$( <font color="#ff1493">basename</font> $nginx) |
024 | NGINX_CONF_FILE= <font color="#0000ff">"/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"</font> |
026 | lockfile=/opt/nginx/lock/nginx.lock |
029 | [ -x $nginx ] || <font color="#ff1493">exit</font> 5 |
030 | [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || <font color="#ff1493">exit</font> 6 |
031 | <font color="#ff1493">echo</font> -n $ <font color="#0000ff">"Starting $prog: "</font> |
032 | daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE |
034 | <font color="#ff1493">echo</font> |
035 | [ $retval - <font color="#0000ff">eq</font> 0 ] && <font color="#ff1493">touch</font> $lockfile |
036 | <font color="#0000ff">return</font> $retval |
040 | <font color="#ff1493">echo</font> -n $ <font color="#0000ff">"Stopping $prog: "</font> |
043 | <font color="#ff1493">echo</font> |
044 | [ $retval - <font color="#0000ff">eq</font> 0 ] && <font color="#ff1493">rm</font> -f $lockfile |
045 | <font color="#0000ff">return</font> $retval |
049 | configtest || <font color="#0000ff">return</font> $? |
055 | configtest || <font color="#0000ff">return</font> $? |
056 | <font color="#ff1493">echo</font> -n $ <font color="#0000ff">"Reloading $prog: "</font> |
059 | <font color="#ff1493">echo</font> |
067 | $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE |
075 | rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1 |
078 | <font color="#0000ff">case</font> <font color="#0000ff">"$1"</font> <font color="#0000ff">in</font> |
080 | rh_status_q && <font color="#ff1493">exit</font> 0 |
084 | rh_status_q || <font color="#ff1493">exit</font> 0 |
091 | rh_status_q || <font color="#ff1493">exit</font> 7 |
100 | condrestart|try-restart) |
101 | rh_status_q || <font color="#ff1493">exit</font> 0 |
104 | <font color="#ff1493">echo</font> $ <font color="#0000ff">"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"</font> |
105 | <font color="#ff1493">exit</font> 2 |
# chmod +x /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx
这样,就可以通过以下方式来管理Nginx服务:
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx start
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx stop
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx restart
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx reload
5. Nignx负载均衡配置
# cd /opt/nginx/conf/
# mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
# vim /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
05 | error_log logs/error.log; |
07 | worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; |
12 | worker_connections 51200; |
18 | default_type application/octet-stream; |
20 | keepalive_timeout 120; |
24 | upstream 192.168.203.133 { |
25 | <font color="#008200">#ip_hash;</font> |
26 | server 192.168.203.134:80; |
27 | server 192.168.203.135:80; |
28 | server 192.168.203.136:80; |
29 | server 192.168.203.137:80; |
35 | server_name 192.168.203.133; |
38 | proxy_pass <font color="#000000">http://192.168.203.133;</font> |
39 | proxy_set_header Host $host; |
40 | proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; |
41 | proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; |
44 | log_format 192_168_203_133 <font color="#0000ff">'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '</font> |
45 | <font color="#0000ff">'"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '</font> |
46 | <font color="#0000ff">'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'</font> ; |
47 | access_log /opt/nginx/logs/cluster.log 192_168_203_133; |
启动Nginx服务
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx start
通过浏览器直接访问http://192.168.203.133,可以发现,在多次刷新之后,请求会随机分配到后端的Web服务器上。