Nginx源码编译安装与负载均衡配置实践

安装与配置实践:
1. 安装pcre库,使Nginx支持正则表达式
# wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.30.tar.gz
# tar -xzvf pcre-8.30.tar.gz
注:不需要执行编译和安装过程(系统通常已经安装有较低版本的RPM包),因此仅作为编译Nginx时的引用。

2. 安装zlib库
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/libpng/files/zlib/1.2.6/zlib-1.2.6.tar.gz/download
tar -xzvf zlib-1.2.6.tar.gz
注:不需要执行编译和安装过程(系统通常已经安装有较低版本的RPM包),因此仅作为编译Nginx时的引用。

3. 编译安装Nginx
# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.1.9.tar.gz
# tar -xzvf nginx-1.1.9.tar.gz

# mkdir -p /opt/nginx/tmp
# mkdir -p /opt/nginx/run
# mkdir -p /opt/nginx/lock

# useradd nginx

# cd nginx-1.1.9
# ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--pid-path=/opt/nginx/run/nginx.pid \
--lock-path=/opt/nginx/lock/nginx.lock \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_dav_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-mail \
--with-mail_ssl_module \
--with-pcre=../pcre-8.30 \
--with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.6 \
--with-debug \
--http-client-body-temp-path=/opt/nginx/tmp/client \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/opt/nginx/tmp/proxy \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/opt/nginx/tmp/fastcgi \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/opt/nginx/tmp/uwsgi \
--http-scgi-temp-path=/opt/nginx/tmp/scgi

参数详解:
--prefix #nginx安装目录,默认在/usr/local/nginx
--user=nginx #运行nginx的用户
--group=nginx #运行nginx的用户组
--pid-path #pid问件位置,默认在logs目录
--lock-path #lock问件位置,默认在logs目录
--with-http_ssl_module #开启HTTP SSL模块,以支持HTTPS请求。
--with-http_dav_module #开启WebDAV扩展动作模块,可为文件和目录指定权限
--with-http_flv_module #支持对FLV文件的拖动播放
--with-http_realip_module #支持显示真实来源IP地址
--with-http_gzip_static_module #预压缩文件传前检查,防止文件被重复压缩
--with-http_stub_status_module #取得一些nginx的运行状态
--with-mail #允许POP3/IMAP4/SMTP代理模块
--with-mail_ssl_module #允许POP3/IMAP/SMTP可以使用SSL/TLS
--with-pcre=../pcre-8.11 #指定未安装的pcre路径
--with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.5 #注意是未安装的zlib路径
--with-debug #允许调试日志
--http-client-body-temp-path #客户端请求临时文件路径
--http-proxy-temp-path #设置http proxy临时文件路径
--http-fastcgi-temp-path #设置http fastcgi临时文件路径
--http-uwsgi-temp-path #设置uwsgi 临时文件路径
--http-scgi-temp-path #设置scgi 临时文件路径

# make && make install

安装完成后会看到以下信息:

---
Configuration summary
+ using PCRE library: ../pcre-8.30
+ using system OpenSSL library
+ md5: using OpenSSL library
+ sha1: using OpenSSL library
+ using zlib library: ../zlib-1.2.6

nginx path prefix: "/opt/nginx"
nginx binary file: "/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx"
nginx configuration prefix: "/opt/nginx/conf"
nginx configuration file: "/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
nginx pid file: "/opt/nginx/run/nginx.pid"
nginx error log file: "/opt/nginx/logs/error.log"
nginx http access log file: "/opt/nginx/logs/access.log"
nginx http client request body temporary files: "/opt/nginx/tmp/client"
nginx http proxy temporary files: "/opt/nginx/tmp/proxy"
nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "/opt/nginx/tmp/fastcgi"
nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "/opt/nginx/tmp/uwsgi"
nginx http scgi temporary files: "/opt/nginx/tmp/scgi"
---

4. 配置Nginx服务脚本
# mkdir -p /opt/nginx/init.d

# vim /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx

001<font color="#008200">#!/bin/sh</font>
002<font color="#008200">#</font>
003<font color="#008200"># nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemin</font>
004<font color="#008200">#</font>
005<font color="#008200"># chkconfig:   - 85 15</font>
006<font color="#008200"># description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \</font>
007<font color="#008200">#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server</font>
008<font color="#008200"># processname: nginx</font>
009<font color="#008200"># config:      /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf</font>
010<font color="#008200"># pidfile:     /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid</font>
011 
012<font color="#008200"># Source function library.</font>
013. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
014 
015<font color="#008200"># Source networking configuration.</font>
016. /etc/sysconfig/network
017 
018<font color="#008200"># Check that networking is up.</font>
019[ <font color="#0000ff">"$NETWORKING"</font> = <font color="#0000ff">"no"</font> ] && <font color="#ff1493">exit</font> 0
020 
021nginx=<font color="#0000ff">"/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx"</font>
022prog=$(<font color="#ff1493">basename</font> $nginx)
023 
024NGINX_CONF_FILE=<font color="#0000ff">"/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"</font>
025 
026lockfile=/opt/nginx/lock/nginx.lock
027 
028start() {
029    [ -x $nginx ] || <font color="#ff1493">exit</font> 5
030    [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || <font color="#ff1493">exit</font> 6
031    <font color="#ff1493">echo</font> -n $<font color="#0000ff">"Starting $prog: "</font>
032    daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
033    retval=$?
034    <font color="#ff1493">echo</font>
035    [ $retval -<font color="#0000ff">eq</font> 0 ] && <font color="#ff1493">touch</font> $lockfile
036    <font color="#0000ff">return</font> $retval
037}
038 
039stop() {
040    <font color="#ff1493">echo</font> -n $<font color="#0000ff">"Stopping $prog: "</font>
041    killproc $prog -QUIT
042    retval=$?
043    <font color="#ff1493">echo</font>
044    [ $retval -<font color="#0000ff">eq</font> 0 ] && <font color="#ff1493">rm</font> -f $lockfile
045    <font color="#0000ff">return</font> $retval
046}
047 
048restart() {
049    configtest || <font color="#0000ff">return</font> $?
050    stop
051    start
052}
053 
054reload() {
055    configtest || <font color="#0000ff">return</font> $?
056    <font color="#ff1493">echo</font> -n $<font color="#0000ff">"Reloading $prog: "</font>
057    killproc $nginx -HUP
058    retval=$?
059    <font color="#ff1493">echo</font>
060}
061 
062force_reload() {
063    restart
064}
065 
066configtest() {
067  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
068}
069 
070rh_status() {
071    status $prog
072}
073 
074rh_status_q() {
075    rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
076}
077 
078<font color="#0000ff">case</font> <font color="#0000ff">"$1"</font> <font color="#0000ff">in</font>
079    start)
080        rh_status_q && <font color="#ff1493">exit</font> 0
081        $1
082        ;;
083    stop)
084        rh_status_q || <font color="#ff1493">exit</font> 0
085        $1
086        ;;
087    restart|configtest)
088        $1
089        ;;
090    reload)
091        rh_status_q || <font color="#ff1493">exit</font> 7
092        $1
093        ;;
094    force-reload)
095        force_reload
096        ;;
097    status)
098        rh_status
099        ;;
100    condrestart|try-restart)
101        rh_status_q || <font color="#ff1493">exit</font> 0
102            ;;
103    *)
104        <font color="#ff1493">echo</font> $<font color="#0000ff">"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"</font>
105        <font color="#ff1493">exit</font> 2
106esac

# chmod +x /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx

这样,就可以通过以下方式来管理Nginx服务:
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx start
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx stop
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx restart
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx reload

5. Nignx负载均衡配置
# cd /opt/nginx/conf/
# mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak

# vim /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

01user  nginx nginx;
02 
03worker_processes 10;
04 
05error_log  logs/error.log;
06 
07worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
08 
09events
10{
11      use epoll;
12      worker_connections 51200;
13}
14 
15http
16{
17      include       mime.types;
18      default_type  application/octet-stream;
19 
20      keepalive_timeout 120;
21 
22      tcp_nodelay on;
23 
24      upstream  192.168.203.133  {
25              <font color="#008200">#ip_hash;</font>
26              server   192.168.203.134:80;
27              server   192.168.203.135:80;
28              server   192.168.203.136:80;
29              server   192.168.203.137:80;
30      }
31 
32      server
33      {
34              listen  80;
35              server_name  192.168.203.133;
36 
37              location / {
38                       proxy_pass        <font color="#000000">http://192.168.203.133;</font>
39                       proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
40                       proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
41                       proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
42              }
43 
44              log_format  192_168_203_133  <font color="#0000ff">'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '</font>
45                                <font color="#0000ff">'"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '</font>
46                                <font color="#0000ff">'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'</font>;
47              access_log  /opt/nginx/logs/cluster.log 192_168_203_133;
48      }
49}

启动Nginx服务
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx start

通过浏览器直接访问http://192.168.203.133,可以发现,在多次刷新之后,请求会随机分配到后端的Web服务器上。

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