Docker之从零开始制作docker镜像
以前学习docker是直接docker pull命令直接拉取Linux中已有镜像,并创建容器,添加应用程序,但是docker镜像一开始是怎么来的呢?下面将从零开始介绍整个docker镜像的制作过程(初始镜像以Ubuntu16.04为例)。
一、制作ubuntu的基础镜像
方法一:
(1)拉取Docker中的ubuntu镜像,docker pull ubuntu:16.04;
(2)创建Docker容器,docker run --priviledge --name=huangyu --net=host -it unbuntu:16.04
(3)将pull下来的镜像提交到本地,docker commit <容器ID> <镜像名称>:<Tag>
由于公司使用内网工作,使用docker pull命令失败,下面将介绍另一种通用方式
方法二:
(1)下载Ubuntun16.04初始镜像ubuntu-xenial-core-cloudimg-amd64-root.tar.gz到服务器Z:/mydocker中。
下载地址:http://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/minimal/releases/xenial/release/
镜像文件下载地址为:https://github.com/tianon/docker-brew-ubuntu-core/blob/857debd4347496c541f9806c084710dace49cd27/xenial/Dockerfile
(2)创建初始ubuntu镜像
a.切换到mydocker目录 cd mydocker
b.将ubuntu-xenial-core-cloudimg-amd64-root.tar.gz拷贝至mydocker目录下,解压 tar -zxvf ubuntu-xenial-core-cloudimg-amd64-root.tar.gz
c.因公司屏蔽外网源,这里需要修改apt-get为公司的源,找到/etc/apt/sources.list文件并更新为公司的源
d.创建Dockerfile文件,注意文件名只能为Dockerfile,使用命令touch Dockerfile;(这里与Dockfile相关的知识会在下一篇博文中介绍)
FROM scratch ADD ubuntu-xenial-core-cloudimg-amd64-root / # a few minor docker-specific tweaks # see https://github.com/docker/docker/blob/9a9fc01af8fb5d98b8eec0740716226fadb3735c/contrib/mkimage/debootstrap RUN set -xe # https://github.com/docker/docker/blob/9a9fc01af8fb5d98b8eec0740716226fadb3735c/contrib/mkimage/debootstrap#L40-L48 && echo ‘#!/bin/sh‘ > /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d \ && echo ‘exit 101‘ >> /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d \ && chmod +x /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d # https://github.com/docker/docker/blob/9a9fc01af8fb5d98b8eec0740716226fadb3735c/contrib/mkimage/debootstrap#L54-L56 && dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctl \ && cp -a /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d /sbin/initctl \ && sed -i ‘s/^exit.*/exit 0/‘ /sbin/initctl # https://github.com/docker/docker/blob/9a9fc01af8fb5d98b8eec0740716226fadb3735c/contrib/mkimage/debootstrap#L71-L78 && echo ‘force-unsafe-io‘ > /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/docker-apt-speedup # https://github.com/docker/docker/blob/9a9fc01af8fb5d98b8eec0740716226fadb3735c/contrib/mkimage/debootstrap#L85-L105 && echo ‘DPkg::Post-Invoke { "rm -f /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/*.deb /var/cache/apt/*.bin || true"; };‘ > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-clean \ && echo ‘APT::Update::Post-Invoke { "rm -f /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/*.deb /var/cache/apt/*.bin || true"; };‘ >> /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-clean \ && echo ‘Dir::Cache::pkgcache ""; Dir::Cache::srcpkgcache "";‘ >> /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-clean \ # https://github.com/docker/docker/blob/9a9fc01af8fb5d98b8eec0740716226fadb3735c/contrib/mkimage/debootstrap#L109-L115 && echo ‘Acquire::Languages "none";‘ > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-no-languages \ # https://github.com/docker/docker/blob/9a9fc01af8fb5d98b8eec0740716226fadb3735c/contrib/mkimage/debootstrap#L118-L130 && echo ‘Acquire::GzipIndexes "true"; Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order:: "gz";‘ > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-gzip-indexes \ # https://github.com/docker/docker/blob/9a9fc01af8fb5d98b8eec0740716226fadb3735c/contrib/mkimage/debootstrap#L134-L151 && echo ‘Apt::AutoRemove::SuggestsImportant "false";‘ > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-autoremove-suggests # delete all the apt list files since they‘re big and get stale quickly RUN rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* # this forces "apt-get update" in dependent images, which is also good # enable the universe RUN sed -i ‘s/^#\s*\(deb.*universe\)$/\1/g‘ /etc/apt/sources.list # make systemd-detect-virt return "docker" # See: https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/aa0c34279ee40bce2f9681b496922dedbadfca19/src/basic/virt.c#L434 RUN mkdir -p /run/systemd && echo ‘docker‘ > /run/systemd/container # overwrite this with ‘CMD []‘ in a dependent Dockerfile CMD ["/bin/bash"]
e.创建docker镜像 docker build -t un:un .(注意这里的.代表会在当前目录下自动寻找Dockerfile文件)
d.因公司屏蔽外网源,这里需要修改apt-get为公司的源,具体步骤如下
(1)创建容器,docker run --privileged --name=huangyu --net=host -v ~:share ubuntu:16:04
(2)下载vim,apt install vim
(3)修改源文件,vim /etc/apt/sources.list后保存
(4)Crtl+D退出docker,docke ps -a|grep huangyu 查看容器ID
(5)推送新镜像,docker commit -a "huangyu" -m "ubuntu" ID un:un
f.以un:un镜像为基础,创建unbuntu+python3的镜像;
(1)进入mydocker目录,cd mydocker
(2)创建新文件夹,mkdir pythonfile
(3)下载python的tar.xz文件,并拷贝至pythonfile文件夹下
(4)切换至pythonfile目录下并创建新文件,cd pythonfile, touch Dockerfile
From un:un ADD Python-3.7.6.tar.xz / #卸载并且删除python相关配置 RUN apt-get purge -y python.* #第一个RUN解决apt源更新失败问题 RUN set -ex && chmod 777 /tmp && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* && apt-get clean && apt-get autoremove && apt-get autoclean #&& apt-get update --allow-unauthenticated && apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential checkinstall libssl-dev libreadline-dev libffi-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev libgdbm-dev libbz2-dev libncurses5-dev liblzma-dev uuid-dev RUN set -ex #&& wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.6/Python-3.7.6.tgz \ (内网下载很慢,需要先在下载) #&& tar -xf Python-3.7.6.tar.xz && cd Python-3.7.6 #编译 && ./configure prefix=/usr/local/python3 #安装 && make && make install #清除make命令产生的object文件(后缀为".o"的文件)及可执行文件 && make clean && cd .. && rm -rf /Python-3.7.6* #&& apt install -y epel-release && apt install -y python-pip CMD ["hello.py"]
(5)创建docker镜像 docker build -t ubuntu:python .
(6)使用docker images,查看有无ubuntu:python的镜像
需要注意的几点
1.RUN set -ex \
的作用
set -ex
作用就是,当下面的命令执行出错后,就退出执行,不在继续往下执行。ADD
和COPY
的区别:ADD
可以实现从远程的某个指定的url上下载文件,然后添加到容器的系统文件目录中。ADD
可以将本地可识别的压缩文件解压到容器的指定路径上(但是URL下载和解压不能同时进行,任何通过远程URL下载的压缩文件,都只能拷贝到容器中,不会自动解压)ADD
的一个简化版本,它只会复制文件到容器中