python教程在例10.4 备份脚本的代码的介绍
python教程在例10.4 备份脚本——版本四的代码是相当长的,所以很多人对其有束手无策之感,但是你通过以下的代码对其,有更好的了解,以下就是相关内容的详细介绍。希望你会有所收获。
#!/usr/bin/python # Filename: backup_ver4.py import os import time # 1. The files and directories to be backed up are specified in a list. source = [‘/home/swaroop/byte’, ‘/home/swaroop/bin’] # If you are using Windows, use source = [r'C:\Documents' , r'D:\Work'] or something like that # 2. The backup must be stored in a main backup directory target_dir = ‘/mnt/e/backup/’ # Remember to change this to what you will be using # 3. The files are backed up into a zip file. # 4. The current day is the name of the subdirectory in the main directory today = target_dir + time.strftime(‘%Y%m%d’) # The current time is the name of the zip archive now = time.strftime(‘%H%M%S’) # Take a comment from the user to create the name of the zip file comment = raw_input(‘Enter a comment –> ‘) if len(comment) == 0: # check if a comment was entered target = today + os.sep + now + ‘.zip’ else: target = today + os.sep + now + ‘_’ + \ comment.replace(‘ ‘, ‘_’) + ‘.zip’ # Notice the backslash! # Create the subdirectory if it isn’t already there if not os.path.exists(today): os.mkdir(today) # make directory print ‘Successfully created directory’, today # 5. We use the zip command (in Unix/Linux) to put the files in a zip archive zip_command = "zip -qr ‘%s’ %s" % (target, ‘ ‘.join(source)) # Run the backup if os.system(zip_command) == 0: print ‘Successful backup to’, target else: print ‘Backup FAILED’
文中提到“我还希望有的一个优化是使用tar命令替代zip命令。这样做的一个优势是在你结合使用tar和gzip命令的时候,备份会更快更小。如果你想要在Windows中使用这些归档,WinZip也能方便地处理这些.tar.gz文件。tar命令在大多数Linux/Unix系统中都是默认可用的。Windows用户也可以下载安装它。命令字符串现在将成为:
tar = ‘tar -cvzf %s %s -X /home/swaroop/ excludes.txt’ % (target, ‘ ‘.join(srcdir))
需要补充的是Windows用户安装完LibArchive后命令为bsdtar,而且若想使用-z这个选项,还需安装gzip软件。代码中的
target = today + os.sep + now + ‘.zip’
改为
target = today + os.sep + now + ‘.tar.gz’
使用
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