RabbitMq三种Exchange模式—订阅、路由、通配符
三种Exchange模式——订阅、路由、通配符模式
一、订阅模式(Fanout Exchange)
一个生产者绑定一个交换机,每个消费者绑定一个队列。生产者将消息通过交换器分发给所有在线的消费者。交换机没有消息存储的能力,只能向当前在线的消费者发送消息。因此未接收到消息的消费者,即使重新连接rabbitmq也无法获取到已发送的消息
示例代码:
生产者:
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<font style="color:rgb(79, 79, 79)"><font face="""><font style="font-size:16px">public class Send {/size/color
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_fanout"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //从连接中创建通道 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明exchange channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout"); // 消息内容 String message = "商品已经新增,id = 1000"; channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, message.getBytes()); System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'"); channel.close(); connection.close(); }
}
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消费者:
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public class Recv {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_fanout_1"; private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_fanout"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); // 绑定队列到交换机 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ""); // 同一时刻服务器只会发一条消息给消费者 channel.basicQos(1); // 定义队列的消费者 QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); // 监听队列,手动返回完成 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer); // 获取消息 while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println(" 前台系统: '" + message + "'"); Thread.sleep(10); channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } }
}
二、路由模式(Direct Exchange)
这种模式添加了一个路由键,生产者发布消息的时候添加路由键,消费者绑定队列到交换机时添加键值,这样就可以接收到需要接收的消息。
示例代码:
生产者:
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<font style="color:rgb(79, 79, 79)"><font face="""><font style="font-size:16px">public class Send {/size/color
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_direct"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明exchange channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct"); // 消息内容 String message = "删除商品, id = 1001"; channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "delete", null, message.getBytes()); System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'"); channel.close(); connection.close(); }
}
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消费者1:接收更新和删除消息
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public class Recv {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_direct_1"; private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_direct"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); // 绑定队列到交换机 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "update"); channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "delete"); // 同一时刻服务器只会发一条消息给消费者 channel.basicQos(1); // 定义队列的消费者 QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); // 监听队列,手动返回完成 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer); // 获取消息 while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println(" 前台系统: '" + message + "'"); Thread.sleep(10); channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } }
}
消费者2:接收insert,update,delete的消息
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public class Recv2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_direct_2"; private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_direct"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); // 绑定队列到交换机 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "insert"); channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "update"); channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "delete"); // 同一时刻服务器只会发一条消息给消费者 channel.basicQos(1); // 定义队列的消费者 QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); // 监听队列,手动返回完成 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer); // 获取消息 while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println(" 搜索系统: '" + message + "'"); Thread.sleep(10); channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } }
}
如果生产者发布了insert消息,那么消费者2可以收到,消费者 1收不到,如果发布了update或者delete消息,两个消费者都可以收到。如果发布ABC消息两个消费者都收不到,因为没有绑定这个键值。这种模式基本满足了我们的需求,但是还不够灵活,下面介绍另外一个模式。
三、通配符模式(Topic Exchange)
基本思想和路由模式是一样的,只不过路由键支持模糊匹配,符号“#”匹配一个或多个词,符号“*”匹配不多不少一个词
示例代码:
生产者:
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<font style="color:rgb(79, 79, 79)"><font face="""><font style="font-size:16px">public class Send {/size/color
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_topic"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明exchange channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic"); // 消息内容 String message = "删除商品,id = 1001"; channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "item.delete", null, message.getBytes()); System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'"); channel.close(); connection.close(); }
}
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消费者1:
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public class Recv {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_topic_1"; private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_topic"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); // 绑定队列到交换机 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "item.update"); channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "item.delete"); // 同一时刻服务器只会发一条消息给消费者 channel.basicQos(1); // 定义队列的消费者 QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); // 监听队列,手动返回完成 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer); // 获取消息 while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println(" 前台系统: '" + message + "'"); Thread.sleep(10); channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } }
}
消费者2:
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public class Recv2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_topic_2"; private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_topic"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); // 绑定队列到交换机 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "item.#"); // 同一时刻服务器只会发一条消息给消费者 channel.basicQos(1); // 定义队列的消费者 QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); // 监听队列,手动返回完成 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer); // 获取消息 while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println(" 搜索系统: '" + message + "'"); Thread.sleep(10); channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } }
}
消费者1是按需索取,并没有使用通配符模式,而是用的完全匹配,消费者2使用通配符模式,这样以item.开头的消息都会全部接收。
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