Android常用架构之MVP
MVC由Model、View、Control组成。
Model数据模型,提供数据
View视图模型,提供视图展示
Control控制器,负责控制Model和View通信
MVC在Android中的应用,如下图,Activity为Control,XML为View,请求网络数据模块为Model。View箭头指向Control意为传递数据,那就是Control获取View的数据传递给Model来请求网络,请求到的数据直接传递给View来显示,这是一条主线。还有一条就是底部这两个箭头,也就是说Model可以不通过Control,直接获取View的数据,然后再返回结果数据给View。
MVP由Model、View、Presenter组成。
Model数据模型,提供数据
View视图模型,提供视图展示
Presenter主持者,负责逻辑处理
MVP与MVC最明显的区别就在于Presenter和Control了。如下图,Presenter传递数据给Model,Model得到数据来请求网络,再返回数据给Presenter,Presenter再把得到的Model数据传递给View显示。MVP整体的一个流程就是这样。相比MVC来说,Model和View互相不干涉,达到完全解耦
估计上面文字性的解释都听得有点晕,那我们就拿个例子来实战一下吧
下面和大家一起完成一个简单查询快递信息的例子,里面用到了当下最流行的架构RxJava+Retrofit+MVP+OkHttp,非常值得大家一学
配置环境
在builde.gradle里面添加
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.3.0' compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.1.0' compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava:2.1.0' compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.1.0' compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.4.1' compile 'io.reactivex:rxandroid:1.2.1' compile 'io.reactivex:rxjava:1.1.6' compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:3.4.1'
在AndroidManifest.xml添加所需权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
初始化配置Retrofit
public class MainApp extends Application { @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); //初始化retrofitUtils RetrofitUtils.getInstance().initOkHttp(this); } }
在MainApp中初始化Retrofit,设置超时和baseUrl,添加了日志拦截以及RxJava和数据解析,并暴露一个getRetrofit()方法供需要的地方调用
public class RetrofitUtils { private Retrofit retrofit; private String baseUrl = "http://www.kuaidi100.com/"; private static class SingleLoader{ private static final RetrofitUtils INSTANCE = new RetrofitUtils(); } public static RetrofitUtils getInstance(){ return SingleLoader.INSTANCE; } public void initOkHttp(@NonNull Context context){ HttpLoggingInterceptor interceptor = new HttpLoggingInterceptor(); interceptor.setLevel(HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BODY); OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder() .connectTimeout(10000L,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS) //设置连接超时 .readTimeout(10000L,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS) //设置读取超时 .writeTimeout(10000L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS) //设置写入超时 .cache(new Cache(context.getCacheDir(),10 * 1024 * 1024)) //设置缓存目录和10M缓存 .addInterceptor(interceptor) //添加日志拦截器(该方法也可以设置公共参数,头信息) .build(); retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder() .client(client) //设置OkHttp .baseUrl(baseUrl) .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) // 添加数据解析ConverterFactory .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create()) //添加RxJava .build(); } public Retrofit getRetrofit(){ return retrofit; } }
Model
public interface PostSearchModel { /** * 请求快递信息 * @param type 快递类型 * @param postid 快递单号 * @param callback 结果回调 */ void requestPostSearch(String type,String postid,PostSearchCallback callback); interface PostSearchCallback{ void requestPostSearchSuccess(PostQueryInfo postQueryInfo); void requestPostSearchFail(String failStr); } }
创建这个PostSearchModel接口,方便后期可以不修改之前代码灵活切换多种实现方式
public interface PostServiceBiz { @POST("query") Observable<PostQueryInfo> searchRx(@Query("type") String type, @Query("postid") String postid); }
public class PostQueryInfo { private String message; private String nu; private String ischeck; private String com; private String status; private String condition; private String state; private List<DataBean> data; public static class DataBean { private String time; private String context; private String ftime; } }
PostQueryInfo没有添加get和set方法,大家自行快捷键了
PostSearchModelImpl实现上面PostSearchModel接口,利用上一篇文章里学的Retrofit结合RxJava来请求网络
这里传了PostSearchCallback回调函数,成功或者失败都通过回调函数返回,完全不需要考虑其它
public class PostSearchModelImpl implements PostSearchModel { @Override public void requestPostSearch(String type, String postid, final PostSearchCallback callback) { RetrofitUtils.getInstance() .getRetrofit() .create(PostServiceBiz.class) .searchRx(type,postid) //访问网络切换异步线程 .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()) //响应结果处理切换成主线程 .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()) .subscribe(new Subscriber<PostQueryInfo>() { @Override public void onCompleted() { //请求结束回调 } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { //错误回调 callback.requestPostSearchFail(e.getMessage()); } @Override public void onNext(PostQueryInfo postQueryInfo) { //成功结果返回 callback.requestPostSearchSuccess(postQueryInfo); } }); } }
View
activity_main.xml主界面布局
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:padding="16dp" tools:context=".ui.MainActivity" android:orientation="vertical"> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal"> <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="快递公司名:"/> <EditText android:id="@+id/post_name_et" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="yuantong"/> </LinearLayout> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal"> <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="快 递 单 号:" /> <EditText android:id="@+id/post_id_et" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="500379523313"/> </LinearLayout> <Button android:id="@+id/post_search_bn" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="查询"/> <ListView android:id="@+id/post_list_lv" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:listSelector="@null" android:background="@null"/> </LinearLayout>
view_item_logistics.xml
listview适配器的item布局
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:background="#FFFFFF" android:orientation="vertical" android:padding="15dp"> <TextView android:id="@+id/tv_conent" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textColor="#8f8f8f" android:textSize="14sp" android:text="【深圳市】广东分公司已出发" /> <TextView android:layout_marginTop="13dp" android:id="@+id/tv_date" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textColor="#8f8f8f" android:textSize="12sp" android:layout_marginBottom="13dp" android:paddingLeft="6dp" android:text="2016-05-03 18:23" /> </LinearLayout>
ListView适配器
public class LogisticsAdapter extends BaseAdapter { private List<PostQueryInfo.DataBean> datas; private LayoutInflater inflater; public LogisticsAdapter(Context context, List<PostQueryInfo.DataBean> datas) { this.datas = datas; inflater = LayoutInflater.from(context); } @Override public View getView(int i, View view, ViewGroup viewGroup) { PostQueryInfo.DataBean data = datas.get(i); view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.view_item_logistics, null); TextView tv_content= (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_conent); TextView tv_date= (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_date); tv_content.setText(data.getContext().replace("[","【").replace("]","】")); tv_date.setText(data.getTime()); return view; } @Override public int getCount() { return datas != null ? datas.size() : 0; } @Override public Object getItem(int i) { return datas.get(i); } @Override public long getItemId(int i) { return i; } }
BaseView提供通用显示和隐藏加载框,如果有通用的方法都可以在写在这里面
public interface BaseView { void showProgressDialog(); void hideProgressDialog(); }
MainView接口继承提供MainActivity所有需要更新界面UI的方法
public interface MainView extends BaseView{ void updateListUI(PostQueryInfo postQueryInfo); void errorToast(String message); }
BaseActivity实现BaseVew所有接口方法
public class BaseActivity extends Activity implements BaseView{ private ProgressDialog progressDialog; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){ super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); progressDialog = new ProgressDialog(this); progressDialog.setMessage("查询中..."); } @Override public void showProgressDialog(){ if(progressDialog!=null){ progressDialog.show(); } } @Override public void hideProgressDialog(){ if(progressDialog!=null&&progressDialog.isShowing()){ progressDialog.dismiss(); } } }
MainActivity继承BaseActivity实现MainView所有方法供PostPresenter调用,点击查询按钮通过实例化的PostPresenter,调用相关方法,后面的事情就全部交给PostPresenter去处理了,在activity销毁的时候调用postPresenter.detach()防止内存泄漏
public class MainActivity extends BaseActivity implements View.OnClickListener, MainView { private EditText post_name_et; private EditText post_id_et; private ListView post_list_lv; private Button post_search_bn; private PostPresenter postPresenter; private List<PostQueryInfo.DataBean> dataArray = new ArrayList<>(); private LogisticsAdapter logisticsAdapter; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){ super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); initView(); initData(); initEvent(); } private void initView() { post_name_et = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.post_name_et); post_id_et = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.post_id_et); post_list_lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.post_list_lv); post_search_bn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.post_search_bn); } private void initData() { logisticsAdapter = new LogisticsAdapter(getApplicationContext(),dataArray); postPresenter = new PostPresenter(this); post_list_lv.setAdapter(logisticsAdapter); } private void initEvent() { post_search_bn.setOnClickListener(this); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { switch(v.getId()){ case R.id.post_search_bn: postPresenter.requestHomeData(post_name_et.getText().toString(),post_id_et.getText().toString()); break; } } @Override public void updateListUI(PostQueryInfo postQueryInfo) { dataArray.clear(); dataArray.addAll(postQueryInfo.getData()); logisticsAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); } @Override public void errorToast(String message) { Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),message,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } @Override protected void onDestroy(){ //防止activity销毁,postPresenter对象还存在造成的内存泄漏 if(postPresenter!=null) postPresenter.detach(); super.onDestroy(); } }
Presenter
BasePresenter基类,提供了一个通用view对象,以及初始化和销毁view对象的方法
public abstract class BasePresenter<T>{ public T mView; public void attach(T view){ this.mView = view; } public void detach(){ mView = null; } }
PostPresenter在构造函数中通过基类attach的方法初始化MainActivity提供的view对象,实例化PostSearchModelImpl对象,通过它提供的方法来请求网络数据,在成功和失败回调的函数里,可以做一些逻辑处理,通过view对象更新相应的UI
public class PostPresenter extends BasePresenter<MainView>{ private PostSearchModel postSearchModel; public PostPresenter(MainView mainView){ attach(mainView); postSearchModel = new PostSearchModelImpl(); } public void requestHomeData(String type,String postid){ if(postSearchModel == null||mView == null) return; mView.showProgressDialog(); postSearchModel.requestPostSearch(type, postid, new PostSearchModel.PostSearchCallback() { @Override public void requestPostSearchSuccess(PostQueryInfo postQueryInfo) { mView.hideProgressDialog(); if(postQueryInfo!=null&&"ok".equals(postQueryInfo.getMessage())) { mView.updateListUI(postQueryInfo); } } @Override public void requestPostSearchFail(String failStr) { mView.hideProgressDialog(); mView.errorToast(failStr); } }); } }
到这里全部代码基本都已编写完,代码的结构如下图:
下面就运行程序看看效果吧,快递公司名和快递单号默认填写上去了,大家只需要点击查询,结果和下面图片一样就说明成功了
为什么没有直接提供一个可以运行的DEMO出来,原因很简单就是希望大家能够跟着一步一步学习,然后动手慢慢边敲代码边理解,最后敲完运行成功,应该就会更加理解MVP了。