owl-s API一个简单例子
owl-s语义Web服务标记语言， 在Tim Berners-Lee的提出Semantic Web之后，Semantic Web服务业也得到了快速的发展。
相关的工具很多，主流的框架有DARPA组织和wsmo组织，后者是欧洲提出的，前者组织提出的框架是主流的。
owl-s前身是daml-s，其地址：http://www.daml.org/index.html
现在owl-s的最新版本是owl-s1.2
工具API有owl-sAPI，有mindswap组织维护，地址：http://www.mindswap.org/
该组织提供了许多工具API和工具，以及一些demo例子。
现在该网站已经停止了更新，最新的owl-sAPI由OSIRIS组织维护地址：http://on.cs.unibas.ch/owls-api/index.html
该网站提供的最新owl-sAPI3.0接口对应owl-s1.2
下面结合其提供的工具，我们给出一个例子
先用其提供的WSDL2OWLS工具，生成owls文件。
首先利用axis1.4发布一个服务
packagecom.hello;
publicclassSayHello{
publicStringsayHello(Stringname)
{
return"HelloWorld"+name;
}
}
将其发布为服务后生成wsdl文件：<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
-<wsdl:definitionstargetNamespace="http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService"xmlns:apachesoap="http://xml.apache.org/xml-soap"xmlns:impl="http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService"xmlns:intf="http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService"xmlns:soapenc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"xmlns:wsdlsoap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/"xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
-<!--
WSDLcreatedbyApacheAxisversion:1.4
BuiltonApr22,2006(06:55:48PDT)
-->
-<wsdl:messagename="sayHelloResponse">
<wsdl:partname="sayHelloReturn"type="xsd:string"/>
</wsdl:message>
-<wsdl:messagename="sayHelloRequest">
<wsdl:partname="name"type="xsd:string"/>
</wsdl:message>
-<wsdl:portTypename="SayHello">
-<wsdl:operationname="sayHello"parameterOrder="name">
<wsdl:inputmessage="impl:sayHelloRequest"name="sayHelloRequest"/>
<wsdl:outputmessage="impl:sayHelloResponse"name="sayHelloResponse"/>
</wsdl:operation>
</wsdl:portType>
-<wsdl:bindingname="SayHelloServiceSoapBinding"type="impl:SayHello">
<wsdlsoap:bindingstyle="rpc"transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/>
-<wsdl:operationname="sayHello">
<wsdlsoap:operationsoapAction=""/>
-<wsdl:inputname="sayHelloRequest">
<wsdlsoap:bodyencodingstyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"namespace="http://hello.com"use="encoded"/>
</wsdl:input>
-<wsdl:outputname="sayHelloResponse">
<wsdlsoap:bodyencodingstyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"namespace="http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService"use="encoded"/>
</wsdl:output>
</wsdl:operation>
</wsdl:binding>
-<wsdl:servicename="SayHelloService">
-<wsdl:portbinding="impl:SayHelloServiceSoapBinding"name="SayHelloService">
<wsdlsoap:addresslocation="http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService"/>
</wsdl:port>
</wsdl:service>
</wsdl:definitions>下面是生成的owl文件
<?xmlversion="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:expr="http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/generic/Expression.owl#"
xmlns:service="http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Service.owl#"
xmlns:process="http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Process.owl#"
xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
xmlns="http://www.example.org/service.owl"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
xmlns:swrl="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#"
xmlns:grounding="http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Grounding.owl#"
xmlns:profile="http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Profile.owl#"
xmlns:list="http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/generic/ObjectList.owl#"
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
xml:base="http://www.example.org/service.owl">
<owl:Ontologyrdf:about="">
<owl:importsrdf:resource="http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Grounding.owl"/>
<owl:importsrdf:resource="http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Profile.owl"/>
<owl:importsrdf:resource="http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Service.owl"/>
</owl:Ontology>
<service:Servicerdf:id="sayHelloService">
<service:supports>
<grounding:WsdlGroundingrdf:id="sayHelloGrounding"/>
</service:supports>
<service:describedBy>
<process:AtomicProcessrdf:id="sayHelloProcess"/>
</service:describedBy>
<service:presents>
<profile:Profilerdf:id="sayHelloProfile"/>
</service:presents>
</service:Service>
<profile:Profilerdf:about="#sayHelloProfile">
<profile:hasOutput>
<process:Outputrdf:id="sayHelloReturn">
<process:parameterTyperdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI"
>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string</process:parameterType>
<rdfs:label>sayHelloReturn</rdfs:label>
</process:Output>
</profile:hasOutput>
<profile:hasInput>
<process:Input rdf:id="name">//输入的名字参数
<process:parameterTyperdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI"
>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string</process:parameterType>
<rdfs:label>name</rdfs:label>
</process:Input>
</profile:hasInput>
<profile:textDescription>Autogeneratedfromhttp://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService?wsdl</profile:textDescription>
<profile:serviceName>sayHello</profile:serviceName>
<service:presentedByrdf:resource="#sayHelloService"/>
</profile:Profile>
<process:AtomicProcessrdf:about="#sayHelloProcess">
<process:hasOutputrdf:resource="#sayHelloReturn"/>
<process:hasInputrdf:resource="#name"/>
<service:describesrdf:resource="#sayHelloService"/>
<rdfs:label>sayHelloProcess</rdfs:label>
</process:AtomicProcess>
<grounding:WsdlGroundingrdf:about="#sayHelloGrounding">
<grounding:hasAtomicProcessGrounding>
<grounding:WsdlAtomicProcessGroundingrdf:id="sayHelloAtomicProcessGrounding"/>
</grounding:hasAtomicProcessGrounding>
<service:supportedByrdf:resource="#sayHelloService"/>
</grounding:WsdlGrounding>
<grounding:WsdlAtomicProcessGroundingrdf:about="#sayHelloAtomicProcessGrounding">
<grounding:wsdlOutput>
<grounding:WsdlOutputMessageMap><grounding:wsdlMessagePart>http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService?wsdl#sayHelloReturn</grounding:wsdlMessagePart>
<grounding:owlsParameterrdf:resource="#sayHelloReturn"/>
</grounding:WsdlOutputMessageMap>
</grounding:wsdlOutput>
<grounding:wsdlInput>
<grounding:WsdlInputMessageMap><grounding:wsdlMessagePart>http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService?wsdl#name</grounding:wsdlMessagePart>
<grounding:owlsParameterrdf:resource="#name"/>
</grounding:WsdlInputMessageMap>
</grounding:wsdlInput>
<grounding:wsdlOutputMessagerdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI">http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService#sayHelloResponse</grounding:wsdlOutputMessage>
<grounding:wsdlInputMessagerdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI">http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService#sayHelloRequest</grounding:wsdlInputMessage>
<grounding:wsdlDocumentrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI"
>http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService?wsdl</grounding:wsdlDocument>
<grounding:wsdlOperation>
<grounding:WsdlOperationRef>
<grounding:operationrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI"
>http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService?wsdl#sayHello</grounding:operation>
</grounding:WsdlOperationRef>
</grounding:wsdlOperation>
<grounding:owlsProcessrdf:resource="#sayHelloProcess"/>
</grounding:WsdlAtomicProcessGrounding>
</rdf:RDF>OWL-SAPI支持对语义Web服务的描述，读写，以及调用原子的或者组合的Web服务。
该OWL-SAPI的主要功能如下：
读/写服务描述：
OWL-SAPI中有两个重要的接口：OWLOntology和OWLKnowledgeBase。OWLOntology代表了存储在单个文件中的信息，而OWLKnowledgeBase是许多Ontology的集合。RDF数据可以加载到OWLOntology上，只有OWLOntology对象才能组合起来。OWLKnowledgeBase中只有一个Ontology是用来存储数据的（例如执行之后，新的实例会被加到这个OWLOntology上。
函数OWLKnowledgeBase.read(URI)从给定的Ontology读取信息，并产生OWLOntology。函数OWLOntology.getService()用来获取ontology中的服务实例。如果有许多服务，则用OWLOntology.getServices()获取。然后，函数OWLKnowledgeBase.readService(URI)以及OWLKnowledgeBase.readServices(URI)将会读取服务。如果函数调用发生错误将会产生null输出。
网上一堆文章都是拿别人的例子贴，这里给出一个简单的例子
上面生成了owl文件，下面贴出代码演示执行该服务的代码packageexamples;
importjava.net.URI;
importorg.mindswap.owl.OWLClass;
importorg.mindswap.owl.OWLDataProperty;
importorg.mindswap.owl.OWLDataValue;
importorg.mindswap.owl.OWLFactory;
importorg.mindswap.owl.OWLIndividual;
importorg.mindswap.owl.OWLKnowledgeBase;
importorg.mindswap.owl.OWLObjectProperty;
importorg.mindswap.owl.OWLValue;
importorg.mindswap.owls.OWLSFactory;
importorg.mindswap.owls.process.AtomicProcess;
importorg.mindswap.owls.process.Process;
importorg.mindswap.owls.process.execution.DefaultProcessMonitor;
importorg.mindswap.owls.process.execution.ProcessExecutionEngine;
importorg.mindswap.owls.process.variable.Input;
importorg.mindswap.owls.process.variable.Output;
importorg.mindswap.owls.service.Service;
importorg.mindswap.query.ValueMap;
importorg.mindswap.utils.Utils;
publicclassRunService
{
Serviceservice;
Processprocess;
StringinValue;
StringoutValue;
ValueMap<Input,OWLValue>inputs;
ValueMap<Output,OWLValue>outputs;
ProcessExecutionEngineexec;
publicRunService(){
exec=OWLSFactory.createExecutionEngine();
exec.addMonitor(newDefaultProcessMonitor());
}
publicvoidrun()throwsException{
finalOWLKnowledgeBasekb=OWLFactory.createKB();
service = kb.readService(URI.create("http://localhost:8080/axis/sayHello.owl"));//这里也可以放在文件系统的某个目录里,举个例子,将owl文件放在工程当前目录下
//URI.create("file:./Hello.owl");
process=service.getProcess();
inputs=newValueMap<Input,OWLValue>();
inputs.setValue(process.getInput("name"), kb.createDataValue("！！！"));//这里的input的要和上面本体owl文件里的input的ID同名注意
outputs=exec.execute(process,inputs,kb);
OWLDataValueres=outputs.getDataValue(process.getOutput().getName());
System.out.println("Executedservice'"+service+"'");
System.out.println("GroundingWSDL:"+((AtomicProcess)process).getGrounding().getDescriptionURL());
System.out.println("Output=");
System.out.println(res.getValue());
}
publicstaticvoidmain(finalString[]args)throwsException{
finalRunServicetest=newRunService();
test.run();
}
}
结果如下：
INFO[main](Vocabulary.java:117)-Loadingontologyhttp://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Service.owl#...
INFO[main](Vocabulary.java:117)-Loadingontologyhttp://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Profile.owl#...
INFO[main](Vocabulary.java:117)-Loadingontologyhttp://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/ActorDefault.owl#...
INFO[main](Vocabulary.java:117)-Loadingontologyhttp://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/ServiceParameter.owl#...
INFO[main](Vocabulary.java:117)-Loadingontologyhttp://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/ServiceCategory.owl#...
INFO[main](Vocabulary.java:117)-Loadingontologyhttp://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Process.owl#...
INFO[main](Vocabulary.java:117)-Loadingontologyhttp://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/generic/ObjectList.owl#...
INFO[main](Vocabulary.java:117)-Loadingontologyhttp://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/generic/Expression.owl#...
INFO[main](Vocabulary.java:117)-Loadingontologyhttp://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Grounding.owl#...
INFO[main](Vocabulary.java:117)-Loadingontologyhttp://on.cs.unibas.ch/owl-s/1.2/MoreGroundings.owl#...
INFO[main](Vocabulary.java:117)-Loadingontologyhttp://on.cs.unibas.ch/owl-s/1.2/FLAService.owl#...
StartexecutingprocessAtomicProcesssayHelloProcess
Inputs[nameDatatype[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string->classjava.lang.String]http://www.example.org/service.owl#name]
Outputs[sayHelloReturnDatatype[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string->classjava.lang.String]http://www.example.org/service.owl#sayHelloReturn]
Inputs:
name=!!!
ExecutionfinishedforAtomicProcesssayHelloProcess
Inputs[nameDatatype[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string->classjava.lang.String]http://www.example.org/service.owl#name]
Outputs[sayHelloReturnDatatype[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string->classjava.lang.String]http://www.example.org/service.owl#sayHelloReturn]
Outputs:
sayHelloReturn=HelloWorld!!!
Executedservice'Servicehttp://www.example.org/service.owl#sayHelloService
Profiles[http://www.example.org/service.owl#sayHelloProfilehttp://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.2/Profile.owl#Profile
Inputs[nameDatatype[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string->classjava.lang.String]http://www.example.org/service.owl#name]
Outputs[sayHelloReturnDatatype[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string->classjava.lang.String]http://www.example.org/service.owl#sayHelloReturn]
]
ProcessAtomicProcesssayHelloProcess
Inputs[nameDatatype[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string->classjava.lang.String]http://www.example.org/service.owl#name]
Outputs[sayHelloReturnDatatype[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string->classjava.lang.String]http://www.example.org/service.owl#sayHelloReturn]
Groundings[http://www.example.org/service.owl#sayHelloGrounding]
GroundingWSDL:http://localhost:8080/axis/services/SayHelloService?wsdl
Output=
Hello World !!!最后注意补充一下:
本文的测试的服务是用axis1.4开发的,用axis2 1.5版本我测试有问题,而且在看了OWL-S API3.0的lib目录发现他里面的服务也是用的axis1.4,解析wsdl文件的jar包是wsdl4j1.5,
在axis2里引入了axisom机制,所以在这里执行时会有异常.
Execution failed:
org.mindswap.exceptions.ExecutionException:TheServiceClassobjectdoesnotimplementtherequiredmethodinthefollowingform:OMElementsayHello(OMElemente)
org.mindswap.exceptions.ExecutionException:TheServiceClassobjectdoesnotimplementtherequiredmethodinthefollowingform:OMElementsayHello(OMElemente)
atimpl.owls.grounding.WSDLAtomicGroundingImpl.invoke(WSDLAtomicGroundingImpl.java:190)
atimpl.owls.process.execution.ProcessExecutionEngineImpl.executeAtomicProcess(ProcessExecutionEngineImpl.java:303)
atimpl.owls.process.execution.ProcessExecutionEngineImpl.executeAtomicProcess(ProcessExecutionEngineImpl.java:89)
atimpl.owls.process.AtomicProcessImpl.execute(AtomicProcessImpl.java:102)
atimpl.owls.process.execution.ProcessExecutionEngineImpl.execute(ProcessExecutionEngineImpl.java:252)
atexamples.RunService.runDictionary(RunService.java:320)
atexamples.RunService.runAll(RunService.java:370)
atexamples.RunService.main(RunService.java:390)
Causedby:TheServiceClassobjectdoesnotimplementtherequiredmethodinthefollowingform:OMElementsayHello(OMElemente)
atorg.apache.axis.message.SOAPFaultBuilder.createFault(SOAPFaultBuilder.java:222)
atorg.apache.axis.message.SOAPFaultBuilder.endElement(SOAPFaultBuilder.java:129)
atorg.apache.axis.encoding.DeserializationContext.endElement(DeserializationContext.java:1087)
atorg.apache.xerces.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.endElement(UnknownSource)
atorg.apache.xerces.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.scanEndElement(UnknownSource)
atorg.apache.xerces.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDispatcher.dispatch(UnknownSource)
atorg.apache.xerces.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(UnknownSource)
atorg.apache.xerces.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(UnknownSource)
atorg.apache.xerces.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(UnknownSource)
atorg.apache.xerces.parsers.XMLParser.parse(UnknownSource)
atorg.apache.xerces.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(UnknownSource)
atorg.apache.xerces.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(UnknownSource)
atjavax.xml.parsers.SAXParser.parse(SAXParser.java:395)
atorg.apache.axis.encoding.DeserializationContext.parse(DeserializationContext.java:227)
atorg.apache.axis.SOAPPart.getAsSOAPEnvelope(SOAPPart.java:696)
atorg.apache.axis.Message.getSOAPEnvelope(Message.java:435)
atorg.apache.axis.handlers.soap.MustUnderstandChecker.invoke(MustUnderstandChecker.java:62)
atorg.apache.axis.client.AxisClient.invoke(AxisClient.java:206)
atorg.apache.axis.client.Call.invokeEngine(Call.java:2784)
atorg.apache.axis.client.Call.invoke(Call.java:2767)
atorg.apache.axis.client.Call.invoke(Call.java:1910)
atorg.mindswap.wsdl.WSDLOperation.invoke(WSDLOperation.java:234)
atimpl.owls.grounding.WSDLAtomicGroundingImpl.invoke(WSDLAtomicGroundingImpl.java:186)
... 7 more引自http://hi.baidu.com/wxmsona/blog/item/4292f5c78d4ad9109c163d4b.html