Nginx+php-fpm+MySQL分离部署详解
相信大家将这三者部署到同一台主机应该已经不陌生了,今天在这里,给大家演示一下如何将三者部署到三台主机上。
实验系统:CentOS 6.6_x86_64
实验前提:大部分软件使用编译安装,请提前准备好编译环境,防火墙和selinux都关闭
实验软件:nginx-1.9.3 mariadb-10.0.20 php-5.6.11 memcache-2.2.7 xcache-3.2.0
实验拓扑:
一、安装nginx
1.解决依赖关系:
需要专门安装pcre-devel包:
1 yum -y install pcre-devel
2.添加nginx用户:
1 useradd -r nginx
3.解压并编译安装nginx:
1 tar xf nginx-1.9.3.tar.gz 2 cd nginx-1.9.3 3 ./configure \ 4 --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ //安装位置 5 --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx \ //程序文件 6 --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \ //配置文件安装位置 7 --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \ //错误日志安装位置 8 --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \ //访问日志安装位置 9 --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \ //pid文件位置 10 --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \ //锁文件位置 11 --user=nginx \ //运行进程时使用的用户身份 12 --group=nginx \ //运行进程时使用的用户组 13 --with-http_ssl_module \ //支持ssl模块 14 --with-http_flv_module \ //支持flv模块 15 --with-http_stub_status_module \ //支持stub_status模块 16 --with-http_gzip_static_module \ //支持gzip_static模块 17 --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \ //存储HTTP客户端请求body体的临时文件位置 18 --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \ //存储HTTP代理的临时文件位置 19 --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \ //存储fasycgi临时文件位置 20 --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \ //存储uwsgi临时文件位置 21 --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \ //存储scgi临时文件位置 22 --with-pcre //支持pcre库 23 make && make install 4.提供脚本文件: 1 vim /etc/init.d/nginx 2 -------------------------------- 3 #!/bin/sh 4 # 5 # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon 6 # 7 # chkconfig: - 85 15 8 # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \ 9 # proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server 10 # processname: nginx 11 # config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 12 # config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx 13 # pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid 14 15 # Source function library. 16 . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions 17 18 # Source networking configuration. 19 . /etc/sysconfig/network 20 21 # Check that networking is up. 22 [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0 23 24 nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" 25 prog=$(basename $nginx) 26 27 NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" 28 29 [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx 30 31 lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx 32 33 make_dirs() { 34 # make required directories 35 user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -` 36 options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'` 37 for opt in $options; do 38 if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then 39 value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2` 40 if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then 41 # echo "creating" $value 42 mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value 43 fi 44 fi 45 done 46 } 47 48 start() { 49 [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5 50 [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6 51 make_dirs 52 echo -n $"Starting $prog: " 53 daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE 54 retval=$? 55 echo 56 [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile 57 return $retval 58 } 59 60 stop() { 61 echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " 62 killproc $prog -QUIT 63 retval=$? 64 echo 65 [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile 66 return $retval 67 } 68 69 restart() { 70 configtest || return $? 71 stop 72 sleep 1 73 start 74 } 75 76 reload() { 77 configtest || return $? 78 echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " 79 killproc $nginx -HUP 80 RETVAL=$? 81 echo 82 } 83 84 force_reload() { 85 restart 86 } 87 88 configtest() { 89 $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE 90 } 91 92 rh_status() { 93 status $prog 94 } 95 96 rh_status_q() { 97 rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1 98 } 99 100 case "$1" in 101 start) 102 rh_status_q && exit 0 103 $1 104 ;; 105 stop) 106 rh_status_q || exit 0 107 $1 108 ;; 109 restart|configtest) 110 $1 111 ;; 112 reload) 113 rh_status_q || exit 7 114 $1 115 ;; 116 force-reload) 117 force_reload 118 ;; 119 status) 120 rh_status 121 ;; 122 condrestart|try-restart) 123 rh_status_q || exit 0 124 ;; 125 *) 126 echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}" 127 exit 2 128 esac 129 -------------------------------- 130 chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx 131 chkconfig --add nginx 132 chkconfig nginx on 133 service nginx start
5.测试访问页面,nginx安装完毕:
二、安装mysql
1.添加mysql用户和创建数据目录:
1 useradd -r mysql 2 mkdir -pv /mydata/data 3 chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/data
2.解压并初始化mysql:
1 tar xf mariadb-10.0.20-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ 2 cd /usr/local/ 3 ln -sv mariadb-10.0.20-linux-x86_64 mysql 4 cd mysql/ 5 chown -R root:mysql . 6 scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data/
3.提供配置文件:
1 cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf 2 vim /etc/my.cnf 3 修改此文件中thread_concurrency的值为你的CPU个数乘以2,比如:thread_concurrency = 2 4 另外还需要添加如下行指定mysql数据文件的存放位置:datadir = /mydata/data
4.提供脚本文件:
1 cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld 2 chkconfig --add mysqld 3 chkconfig mysqld on 4 service mysqld start
使用mysql目录的下的bin/mysql去连接mysql,出现如下画面表示连接成功:
5.输出mysql的man手册至man命令的查找路径:
编辑/etc/man.config,添加如下行即可:MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
6.输出mysql的头文件至系统头文件路径/usr/include:
这可以通过简单的创建链接实现:
1 ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
7.输出mysql的库文件给系统库查找路径:
1 echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf 2 ldconfig
三、安装PHP
1.解决依赖关系:
1 yum -y install libxml2-devel bzip2-devel libcurl-devel libmcrypt-devel
2.编译安装php:
1 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php \ //安装位置 2 --with-mysql \ //支持mysql 3 --with-pdo-mysql \ //支持pdo模块 4 --with-mysqli \ //支持mysqli模块 5 --with-openssl \ //支持openssl模块 6 --enable-fpm \ //支持fpm模式 7 --enable-sockets \ //启用socket支持 8 --enable-sysvshm \ //启用系统共享内存支持 9 --enable-mbstring \ //使多字节字符串的支持 10 --with-freetype-dir \ //设置FreeType安装前缀路径 11 --with-jpeg-dir \ //设置libjpeg安装前缀路径 12 --with-png-dir \ //设置libpng安装前缀路径 13 --with-zlib-dir \ //设置libz安装前缀路径 14 --with-libxml-dir=/usr \ //设置libxml2安装路径 15 --enable-xml \ 16 --with-mhash \ //支持mhash 17 --with-mcrypt \ //支持mcrypt 18 --with-config-file-path=/etc \ //配置文件路径 19 --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d \ //配置文件扫描路径 20 --with-bz2 \ //支持BZip2 21 --with-curl //支持curl 22 make && make install
3.提供配置文件:
1 cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
4.为php-fpm提供脚本:
1 cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm 2 chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm 3 chkconfig --add php-fpm 4 chkconfig php-fpm on
5.提供php-fpm配置文件并编辑:
1 cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf 2 ------------------------------------------------------ 3 pm.max_children = 150 4 pm.start_servers = 8 5 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 6 pm.max_spare_servers = 10 7 pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
6.启动php-fpm服务:
1 service php-fpm start
四、整合nginx与PHP
1.nginx服务器建立网页文件存放目录/www,并修改其权限:
1 mkdir /www 2 chown -R nginx:nginx /www
2.修改nginx配置文件:
1 vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 2 -------------------------------------- 3 location / { 4 root /www; 5 index index.php index.html index.htm; 6 } 7 8 location ~ \.php$ { 9 root /www; 10 fastcgi_pass 192.168.19.92:9000; 11 fastcgi_index index.php; 12 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; 13 include fastcgi_params; 14 } 3.修改fastcgi_params文件为: 1 fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; 2 fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx; 3 fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; 4 fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; 5 fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; 6 fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; 7 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; 8 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; 9 fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; 10 fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; 11 fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; 12 fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; 13 fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; 14 fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; 15 fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; 16 fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; 17 fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
4.在PHP服务器上,建立nginx用户,要保证和nginx服务器上的nginx用户id号、组id号一致:
5.修改php-fpm配置文件,并重启:
1 vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf 2 --------------------------------------------- 3 listen = 192.168.19.92:9000 //监听物理网卡地址,供其它机器调用 4 user = nginx //php-fpm以nginx用户运行 5 group = nginx 6 --------------------------------------------- 7 service php-fpm restart
6.在PHP服务器上创建/www目录,并开启nfs服务:
1 mkdir /www 2 chown -R nginx:nginx /www 3 vim /etc/exports 4 --------------------------------------------- 5 /www 192.168.19.0/24(rw,no_root_squash) 6 --------------------------------------------- 7 service nfs start 7.nginx服务器挂载nfs文件,并测试php,测试成功后删除index.php: 1 mount -t nfs 192.168.19.92:/www /www 2 vim /www/index.php 3 --------------------------------------- 4 <?php 5 phpinfo(); 6 ?> 7 -------------------------------------- 8 service nginx restart
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