Java NIO框架Netty教程(三) 字符串消息收发
ChannelBuffer
Netty中的消息传递,都必须以字节的形式,以ChannelBuffer为载体传递。简单的说,就是你想直接写个字符串过去,对不起,抛异常。虽然,Netty定义的writer的接口参数是Object的,这可能也是会给新上手的朋友容易造成误会的地方。Netty源码中,是这样判断的:
SendBuffer acquire(Object message) { if (message instanceof ChannelBuffer) { return acquire((ChannelBuffer) message); } else if (message instanceof FileRegion) { return acquire((FileRegion) message); } throw new IllegalArgumentException( "unsupported message type: " + message.getClass()); }
所以,我们要想传递字符串,那么就必须转换成ChannelBuffer。明确了这一点,接下来我们上代码:
服务端代码:
import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.nio.charset.Charset; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffer; import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline; import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipelineFactory; import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channels; import org.jboss.netty.channel.MessageEvent; import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelHandler; import org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannelFactory; public class MessageServer { public static void main(String args[]) { // Server服务启动器 ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap( new NioServerSocketChannelFactory( Executors.newCachedThreadPool(), Executors.newCachedThreadPool())); // 设置一个处理客户端消息和各种消息事件的类(Handler) bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() { @Override public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception { return Channels.pipeline(new MessageServerHandler()); } }); // 开放8000端口供客户端访问。 bootstrap.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8000)); } private static class MessageServerHandler extends SimpleChannelHandler { /** * 用户接受客户端发来的消息,在有客户端消息到达时触发 */ @Override public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) { ChannelBuffer buffer = (ChannelBuffer) e.getMessage(); System.out.println(buffer.toString(Charset.defaultCharset())); } } }
客户端代码:
import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ClientBootstrap; import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffer; import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffers; import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline; import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipelineFactory; import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelStateEvent; import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channels; import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelHandler; import org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioClientSocketChannelFactory; public class MessageClient { public static void main(String args[]) { // Client服务启动器 ClientBootstrap bootstrap = new ClientBootstrap( new NioClientSocketChannelFactory( Executors.newCachedThreadPool(), Executors.newCachedThreadPool())); // 设置一个处理服务端消息和各种消息事件的类(Handler) bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() { @Override public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception { return Channels.pipeline(new MessageClientHandler()); } }); // 连接到本地的8000端口的服务端 bootstrap.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8000)); } private static class MessageClientHandler extends SimpleChannelHandler { /** * 当绑定到服务端的时候触发,给服务端发消息。 */ public void channelConnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) { // 将字符串,构造成ChannelBuffer,传递给服务端 String msg = "Hello, I'm client."; ChannelBuffer buffer = ChannelBuffers.buffer(msg.length()); buffer.writeBytes(msg.getBytes()); e.getChannel().write(buffer); } } }
同时,通过对比可以发现,变动的只是Handler里的代码,启动服务和绑定服务的代码没有变化,也就是我们在概念介绍里提到了,关注Handler,在Handler里处理我们自己的业务。所以,以后我们会只给出业务中关键代码,不会在上重复的代码:)
由于在Netty中消息的收发全依赖于ChannelBuffer,所以,下一章我们将会详细的介绍ChannelBuffer的使用。我们一起学习。
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