dubbo之timeout超时分析

背景

在使用dubbo时,通常会遇到timeout这个属性,timeout属性的作用是:给某个服务调用设置超时时间,如果服务在设置的时间内未返回结果,则会抛出调用超时异常:TimeoutException,在使用的过程中,我们有时会对provider和consumer两个配置都会设置timeout值,那么服务调用过程中会以哪个为准?本文主要针对这个问题进行分析和扩展

三种设置方式

以provider配置为例:

  • 方法级别

    设置方式如下所示:

<dubbo:service interface="fy.test.service.TestService" ref="testServiceImpl">
   <dubbo:method name="test" timeout="10000"/>
</dubbo:service>
  • 接口级别
<dubbo:service interface="fy.test.service.TestService" ref="testServiceImpl" timeout="10000"/>
  • 全局级别
<dubbo:provider timeout="10000"/>

优先级选择

在dubbo中如果provider和consumer都配置了相同的一个属性,比如本文分析的timeout,其实是有一个优先级的,优先级:
consumer方法配置 > provider方法配置 > consumer接口配置 > provider接口配置 > consumer全局配置 > provider全局配置。所以对于本文开始的提出的问题就有了结果,会以消费者配置的为准,接下结合源码来进行解析,其实源码很简单,在RegistryDirectory类中将服务列表转换为DubboInvlker方法中进行了处理:

private Map<String, Invoker<T>> toInvokers(List<URL> urls) {
        Map<String, Invoker<T>> newUrlInvokerMap = new HashMap<String, Invoker<T>>();
        if (urls == null || urls.isEmpty()) {
            return newUrlInvokerMap;
        }
        Set<String> keys = new HashSet<String>();
        String queryProtocols = this.queryMap.get(Constants.PROTOCOL_KEY);
        for (URL providerUrl : urls) {
            // If protocol is configured at the reference side, only the matching protocol is selected
            if (queryProtocols != null && queryProtocols.length() > 0) {
                boolean accept = false;
                String[] acceptProtocols = queryProtocols.split(",");
                for (String acceptProtocol : acceptProtocols) {
                    if (providerUrl.getProtocol().equals(acceptProtocol)) {
                        accept = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (!accept) {
                    continue;
                }
            }
            if (Constants.EMPTY_PROTOCOL.equals(providerUrl.getProtocol())) {
                continue;
            }
            if (!ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(Protocol.class).hasExtension(providerUrl.getProtocol())) {
                logger.error(new IllegalStateException("Unsupported protocol " + providerUrl.getProtocol() +
                        " in notified url: " + providerUrl + " from registry " + getUrl().getAddress() +
                        " to consumer " + NetUtils.getLocalHost() + ", supported protocol: " +
                        ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(Protocol.class).getSupportedExtensions()));
                continue;
            }
            // 重点就是下面这个方法
            URL url = mergeUrl(providerUrl);

            String key = url.toFullString(); // The parameter urls are sorted
            if (keys.contains(key)) { // Repeated url
                continue;
            }
            keys.add(key);
            // Cache key is url that does not merge with consumer side parameters, regardless of how the consumer combines parameters, if the server url changes, then refer again
            Map<String, Invoker<T>> localUrlInvokerMap = this.urlInvokerMap; // local reference
            Invoker<T> invoker = localUrlInvokerMap == null ? null : localUrlInvokerMap.get(key);
            if (invoker == null) { // Not in the cache, refer again
                try {
                    boolean enabled = true;
                    if (url.hasParameter(Constants.DISABLED_KEY)) {
                        enabled = !url.getParameter(Constants.DISABLED_KEY, false);
                    } else {
                        enabled = url.getParameter(Constants.ENABLED_KEY, true);
                    }
                    if (enabled) {
                        invoker = new InvokerDelegate<T>(protocol.refer(serviceType, url), url, providerUrl);
                    }
                } catch (Throwable t) {
                    logger.error("Failed to refer invoker for interface:" + serviceType + ",url:(" + url + ")" + t.getMessage(), t);
                }
                if (invoker != null) { // Put new invoker in cache
                    newUrlInvokerMap.put(key, invoker);
                }
            } else {
                newUrlInvokerMap.put(key, invoker);
            }
        }
        keys.clear();
        return newUrlInvokerMap;
    }

重点就是上面mergeUrl()方法,将provider和comsumer的url参数进行了整合,在
mergeUrl()方法有会调用ClusterUtils.mergeUrl方法进行整合,因为这个方法比较简单,就是对一些参数进行了整合了,会用consumer参数进行覆盖,咱们这里就不分析了,如果感兴趣的同学可以去研究一下。

超时处理

在配置设置了超时timeout,那么代码中是如何处理的,这里咱们在进行一下扩展,分析一下dubbo中是如何处理超时的,在调用服务方法,最后都会调用DubboInvoker.doInvoke方法,咱们就从这个方法开始分析:

@Override
    protected Result doInvoke(final Invocation invocation) throws Throwable {
        RpcInvocation inv = (RpcInvocation) invocation;
        final String methodName = RpcUtils.getMethodName(invocation);
        inv.setAttachment(Constants.PATH_KEY, getUrl().getPath());
        inv.setAttachment(Constants.VERSION_KEY, version);

        ExchangeClient currentClient;
        if (clients.length == 1) {
            currentClient = clients[0];
        } else {
            currentClient = clients[index.getAndIncrement() % clients.length];
        }
        try {
            boolean isAsync = RpcUtils.isAsync(getUrl(), invocation);
            boolean isAsyncFuture = RpcUtils.isReturnTypeFuture(inv);
            boolean isOneway = RpcUtils.isOneway(getUrl(), invocation);
            int timeout = getUrl().getMethodParameter(methodName, Constants.TIMEOUT_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
            if (isOneway) {
                boolean isSent = getUrl().getMethodParameter(methodName, Constants.SENT_KEY, false);
                currentClient.send(inv, isSent);
                RpcContext.getContext().setFuture(null);
                return new RpcResult();
            } else if (isAsync) {
                ResponseFuture future = currentClient.request(inv, timeout);
                // For compatibility
                FutureAdapter<Object> futureAdapter = new FutureAdapter<>(future);
                RpcContext.getContext().setFuture(futureAdapter);

                Result result;
                // 异步处理
                if (isAsyncFuture) {
                    // register resultCallback, sometimes we need the async result being processed by the filter chain.
                    result = new AsyncRpcResult(futureAdapter, futureAdapter.getResultFuture(), false);
                } else {
                    result = new SimpleAsyncRpcResult(futureAdapter, futureAdapter.getResultFuture(), false);
                }
                return result;
            } else {
                // 同步处理
                RpcContext.getContext().setFuture(null);
                return (Result) currentClient.request(inv, timeout).get();
            }
        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
            throw new RpcException(RpcException.TIMEOUT_EXCEPTION, "Invoke remote method timeout. method: " + invocation.getMethodName() + ", provider: " + getUrl() + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e);
        } catch (RemotingException e) {
            throw new RpcException(RpcException.NETWORK_EXCEPTION, "Failed to invoke remote method: " + invocation.getMethodName() + ", provider: " + getUrl() + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }

在这个方法中,咱们就以同步模式进行分析,看request方法,request()方法会返回一个DefaultFuture类,在去调用DefaultFuture.get()方法,这里其实涉及到一个在异步中实现同步的技巧,咱们这里不做分析,所以重点就在get()方法里:

@Override
    public Object get() throws RemotingException {
        return get(timeout);
    }

    @Override
    public Object get(int timeout) throws RemotingException {
        if (timeout <= 0) {
            timeout = Constants.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT;
        }
        if (!isDone()) {
            long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
            lock.lock();
            try {
                while (!isDone()) {
                    done.await(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
                    if (isDone() || System.currentTimeMillis() - start > timeout) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
            if (!isDone()) {
                throw new TimeoutException(sent > 0, channel, getTimeoutMessage(false));
            }
        }
        return returnFromResponse();
    }

在调用get()方法时,会去调用get(timeout)这个方法,在这个方法中会传一个timeout字段,在和timeout就是咱们配置的那个参数,在这个方法中咱们要关注下面一个代码块:

if (!isDone()) {
            long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
            lock.lock();
            try {
                while (!isDone()) {
                    // 线程阻塞
                    done.await(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
                    if (isDone() || System.currentTimeMillis() - start > timeout) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
            // 在超时时间里,还没有结果,则抛出超时异常
            if (!isDone()) {
                throw new TimeoutException(sent > 0, channel, getTimeoutMessage(false));
            }
        }

重点看await()方法,会进行阻塞timeout时间,如果阻塞时间到了,则会唤醒往下执行,超时跳出while循环中,判断是否有结果返回,如果没有(这个地方要注意:只有有结果返回,或超时才跳出循环中),则抛出超时异常。讲到这里,超时原理基本上其实差不多了,DefaultFuture这个类还有个地方需要注意,在初始化DefaultFuture对象时,会去创建一个超时的延迟任务,延迟时间就是timeout值,在这个延迟任务中也会调用signal()方法唤醒阻塞

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