dubbo之timeout超时分析
背景
在使用dubbo时,通常会遇到timeout这个属性,timeout属性的作用是:给某个服务调用设置超时时间,如果服务在设置的时间内未返回结果,则会抛出调用超时异常:TimeoutException,在使用的过程中,我们有时会对provider和consumer两个配置都会设置timeout值,那么服务调用过程中会以哪个为准?本文主要针对这个问题进行分析和扩展
三种设置方式
以provider配置为例:
- 方法级别
设置方式如下所示:
<dubbo:service interface="fy.test.service.TestService" ref="testServiceImpl"> <dubbo:method name="test" timeout="10000"/> </dubbo:service>
- 接口级别
<dubbo:service interface="fy.test.service.TestService" ref="testServiceImpl" timeout="10000"/>
- 全局级别
<dubbo:provider timeout="10000"/>
优先级选择
在dubbo中如果provider和consumer都配置了相同的一个属性,比如本文分析的timeout,其实是有一个优先级的,优先级:
consumer方法配置 > provider方法配置 > consumer接口配置 > provider接口配置 > consumer全局配置 > provider全局配置。所以对于本文开始的提出的问题就有了结果,会以消费者配置的为准,接下结合源码来进行解析,其实源码很简单,在RegistryDirectory类中将服务列表转换为DubboInvlker方法中进行了处理:
private Map<String, Invoker<T>> toInvokers(List<URL> urls) { Map<String, Invoker<T>> newUrlInvokerMap = new HashMap<String, Invoker<T>>(); if (urls == null || urls.isEmpty()) { return newUrlInvokerMap; } Set<String> keys = new HashSet<String>(); String queryProtocols = this.queryMap.get(Constants.PROTOCOL_KEY); for (URL providerUrl : urls) { // If protocol is configured at the reference side, only the matching protocol is selected if (queryProtocols != null && queryProtocols.length() > 0) { boolean accept = false; String[] acceptProtocols = queryProtocols.split(","); for (String acceptProtocol : acceptProtocols) { if (providerUrl.getProtocol().equals(acceptProtocol)) { accept = true; break; } } if (!accept) { continue; } } if (Constants.EMPTY_PROTOCOL.equals(providerUrl.getProtocol())) { continue; } if (!ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(Protocol.class).hasExtension(providerUrl.getProtocol())) { logger.error(new IllegalStateException("Unsupported protocol " + providerUrl.getProtocol() + " in notified url: " + providerUrl + " from registry " + getUrl().getAddress() + " to consumer " + NetUtils.getLocalHost() + ", supported protocol: " + ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(Protocol.class).getSupportedExtensions())); continue; } // 重点就是下面这个方法 URL url = mergeUrl(providerUrl); String key = url.toFullString(); // The parameter urls are sorted if (keys.contains(key)) { // Repeated url continue; } keys.add(key); // Cache key is url that does not merge with consumer side parameters, regardless of how the consumer combines parameters, if the server url changes, then refer again Map<String, Invoker<T>> localUrlInvokerMap = this.urlInvokerMap; // local reference Invoker<T> invoker = localUrlInvokerMap == null ? null : localUrlInvokerMap.get(key); if (invoker == null) { // Not in the cache, refer again try { boolean enabled = true; if (url.hasParameter(Constants.DISABLED_KEY)) { enabled = !url.getParameter(Constants.DISABLED_KEY, false); } else { enabled = url.getParameter(Constants.ENABLED_KEY, true); } if (enabled) { invoker = new InvokerDelegate<T>(protocol.refer(serviceType, url), url, providerUrl); } } catch (Throwable t) { logger.error("Failed to refer invoker for interface:" + serviceType + ",url:(" + url + ")" + t.getMessage(), t); } if (invoker != null) { // Put new invoker in cache newUrlInvokerMap.put(key, invoker); } } else { newUrlInvokerMap.put(key, invoker); } } keys.clear(); return newUrlInvokerMap; }
重点就是上面mergeUrl()方法,将provider和comsumer的url参数进行了整合,在
mergeUrl()方法有会调用ClusterUtils.mergeUrl方法进行整合,因为这个方法比较简单,就是对一些参数进行了整合了,会用consumer参数进行覆盖,咱们这里就不分析了,如果感兴趣的同学可以去研究一下。
超时处理
在配置设置了超时timeout,那么代码中是如何处理的,这里咱们在进行一下扩展,分析一下dubbo中是如何处理超时的,在调用服务方法,最后都会调用DubboInvoker.doInvoke方法,咱们就从这个方法开始分析:
@Override protected Result doInvoke(final Invocation invocation) throws Throwable { RpcInvocation inv = (RpcInvocation) invocation; final String methodName = RpcUtils.getMethodName(invocation); inv.setAttachment(Constants.PATH_KEY, getUrl().getPath()); inv.setAttachment(Constants.VERSION_KEY, version); ExchangeClient currentClient; if (clients.length == 1) { currentClient = clients[0]; } else { currentClient = clients[index.getAndIncrement() % clients.length]; } try { boolean isAsync = RpcUtils.isAsync(getUrl(), invocation); boolean isAsyncFuture = RpcUtils.isReturnTypeFuture(inv); boolean isOneway = RpcUtils.isOneway(getUrl(), invocation); int timeout = getUrl().getMethodParameter(methodName, Constants.TIMEOUT_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT); if (isOneway) { boolean isSent = getUrl().getMethodParameter(methodName, Constants.SENT_KEY, false); currentClient.send(inv, isSent); RpcContext.getContext().setFuture(null); return new RpcResult(); } else if (isAsync) { ResponseFuture future = currentClient.request(inv, timeout); // For compatibility FutureAdapter<Object> futureAdapter = new FutureAdapter<>(future); RpcContext.getContext().setFuture(futureAdapter); Result result; // 异步处理 if (isAsyncFuture) { // register resultCallback, sometimes we need the async result being processed by the filter chain. result = new AsyncRpcResult(futureAdapter, futureAdapter.getResultFuture(), false); } else { result = new SimpleAsyncRpcResult(futureAdapter, futureAdapter.getResultFuture(), false); } return result; } else { // 同步处理 RpcContext.getContext().setFuture(null); return (Result) currentClient.request(inv, timeout).get(); } } catch (TimeoutException e) { throw new RpcException(RpcException.TIMEOUT_EXCEPTION, "Invoke remote method timeout. method: " + invocation.getMethodName() + ", provider: " + getUrl() + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e); } catch (RemotingException e) { throw new RpcException(RpcException.NETWORK_EXCEPTION, "Failed to invoke remote method: " + invocation.getMethodName() + ", provider: " + getUrl() + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e); } }
在这个方法中,咱们就以同步模式进行分析,看request方法,request()方法会返回一个DefaultFuture类,在去调用DefaultFuture.get()方法,这里其实涉及到一个在异步中实现同步的技巧,咱们这里不做分析,所以重点就在get()方法里:
@Override public Object get() throws RemotingException { return get(timeout); } @Override public Object get(int timeout) throws RemotingException { if (timeout <= 0) { timeout = Constants.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT; } if (!isDone()) { long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); lock.lock(); try { while (!isDone()) { done.await(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); if (isDone() || System.currentTimeMillis() - start > timeout) { break; } } } catch (InterruptedException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { lock.unlock(); } if (!isDone()) { throw new TimeoutException(sent > 0, channel, getTimeoutMessage(false)); } } return returnFromResponse(); }
在调用get()方法时,会去调用get(timeout)这个方法,在这个方法中会传一个timeout字段,在和timeout就是咱们配置的那个参数,在这个方法中咱们要关注下面一个代码块:
if (!isDone()) { long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); lock.lock(); try { while (!isDone()) { // 线程阻塞 done.await(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); if (isDone() || System.currentTimeMillis() - start > timeout) { break; } } } catch (InterruptedException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { lock.unlock(); } // 在超时时间里,还没有结果,则抛出超时异常 if (!isDone()) { throw new TimeoutException(sent > 0, channel, getTimeoutMessage(false)); } }
重点看await()方法,会进行阻塞timeout时间,如果阻塞时间到了,则会唤醒往下执行,超时跳出while循环中,判断是否有结果返回,如果没有(这个地方要注意:只有有结果返回,或超时才跳出循环中),则抛出超时异常。讲到这里,超时原理基本上其实差不多了,DefaultFuture这个类还有个地方需要注意,在初始化DefaultFuture对象时,会去创建一个超时的延迟任务,延迟时间就是timeout值,在这个延迟任务中也会调用signal()方法唤醒阻塞