搭建MongoDB Sharding集群
从1.6版本起,MongoDB开始正式支持Sharding
同时,MongoDB也推出了Replica Sets,用以替代之前版本的Replica Pairs
通过把Sharding和Replica Sets相结合,我们可以搭建一个分布式的,高可用性,自动水平扩展的集群
一个典型的集群结构如下:
集群由以下3个服务组成:
- Shards Server: 每个shard由一个或多个mongod进程组成,用于存储数据
- Config Server: 用于存储集群的Metadata信息,包括每个Shard的信息和chunks信息
- Route Server: 用于提供路由服务,由Client连接,使整个Cluster看起来像单个DB服务器
另外,Chunks是指MongoDB中一段连续的数据块,默认大小是200M,一个Chunk位于其中一台Shard服务器上
下面,搭建一个Cluster,它由4台服务器组成,包括2个Shard,3个Config,1个Route
其中每个Shard由一个Replica Set组成,每个Replica Set由2个Mongod节点,1个vote节点组成
以下是搭建配置的过程:
1. 四台服务器分别启动相应的Mongod进程:
192.168.95.216
/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod –fork –shardsvr –port 10000 –replSet set1 –dbpath /pvdata/mongodb_data –logpath /pvdata/mongodb_log/mongod.log
/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod –fork –shardsvr –port 10001 –replSet set2 –dbpath /pvdata/mongodb_data1 –logpath /pvdata/mongodb_log/mongod1.log
192.168.95.217
/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod –fork –shardsvr –port 10000 –replSet set1 –dbpath /pvdata/mongodb_data –logpath /pvdata/mongodb_log/mongod.log
192.168.95.218
/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod –fork –shardsvr –port 10000 –replSet set2 –dbpath /pvdata/mongodb_data –logpath /pvdata/mongodb_log/mongod.log
/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod –fork –shardsvr –port 10001 –replSet set1 –dbpath /pvdata/mongodb_data1 –logpath /pvdata/mongodb_log/mongod1.log
192.168.95.137
/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod –fork –shardsvr –port 10000 –replSet set2 –dbpath /opt/mongodb_data –logpath /opt/mongodb_log/mongod.log
2. 分别配置2组Replica Sets:
192.168.95.216
mongo –port 10000
config = {_id: 'set1', members: [
{_id: 0, host: '192.168.95.216:10000'},
{_id: 1, host: '192.168.95.217:10000'},
{_id: 1, host: '192.168.95.218:10001', arbiterOnly: true}
]}
rs.initiate(config)
rs.status()
192.168.95.218
mongo –port 10000
config = {_id: 'set2', members: [
{_id: 0, host: '192.168.95.218:10000'},
{_id: 1, host: '192.168.95.137:10000'},
{_id: 1, host: '192.168.95.216:10001', arbiterOnly: true}
]}
rs.initiate(config)
rs.status()
注意:2台Server上的10001对应的Mongod,它们只负责在某个node down掉后,进行vote选举新的master,它们本身并不存储数据备份
3.配置3台Config Servers:
mongod –configsvr –fork –logpath /pvdata/mongodb_log/config.log –dbpath /pvdata/mongodb_config_data –port 20000
4.配置1台Route Server:
192.168.95.216
/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongos –fork –chunkSize 1 –configdb "192.168.95.216:20000,192.168.95.217:20000,192.168.95.218:20000" –logpath /pvdata/mongodb_log/mongos.log
chunkSize参数用来设置chunk块的大小,这里为了测试,设置成1M