sqlserver中在指定数据库的所有表的所有列中搜索给定的值

比如：我们导入了某个客户的资料，我们知道此客户的姓名是ZhangShan，我们想知道，在我们的业务数据库(eg:NorthWind)中，有哪些数据表的哪些字段设置了此姓名值ZhangShan,通过下面的SQL，我们就可以实现此目的，此处的SQL搜索自网上，在此处做了局部修改。
一、搜索数据是String类型
适用于搜索Text,NText,Varchar,Nvarchar,Char,NChar等类型
1、创建存储过程:My_Search_StringInGivenTable

代码如下：

USE [NORTHWIND] 
GO 
/****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[My_Search_StringInGivenTable] Script Date: 09/25/2011 15:37:14 ******/ 
SET ANSI_NULLS ON 
GO 
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON 
GO 
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[My_Search_StringInGivenTable] 
(@SearchString NVARCHAR(MAX), 
@Table_Schema sysname, 
@Table_Name sysname) 
AS 
BEGIN 
DECLARE @Columns NVARCHAR(MAX), @Cols NVARCHAR(MAX), @PkColumn NVARCHAR(MAX) 
-- Get all character columns 
SET @Columns = STUFF((SELECT ', ' + QUOTENAME(Column_Name) 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
WHERE DATA_TYPE IN ('text','ntext','varchar','nvarchar','char','nchar') 
AND TABLE_NAME = @Table_Name 
ORDER BY COLUMN_NAME 
FOR XML PATH('')),1,2,'') 
IF @Columns IS NULL -- no character columns 
RETURN -1 
-- Get columns for select statement - we need to convert all columns to nvarchar(max) 
SET @Cols = STUFF((SELECT ', cast(' + QUOTENAME(Column_Name) + ' as nvarchar(max)) as ' + QUOTENAME(Column_Name) 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
WHERE DATA_TYPE IN ('text','ntext','varchar','nvarchar','char','nchar') 
AND TABLE_NAME = @Table_Name 
ORDER BY COLUMN_NAME 
FOR XML PATH('')),1,2,'') 
SET @PkColumn = STUFF((SELECT N' + ''|'' + ' + ' cast(' + QUOTENAME(CU.COLUMN_NAME) + ' as nvarchar(max))' 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS TC 
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE CU ON TC.TABLE_NAME = CU.TABLE_NAME 
AND TC.TABLE_SCHEMA = CU.TABLE_SCHEMA 
AND Tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME = CU.CONSTRAINT_NAME 
WHERE TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE ='PRIMARY KEY' AND TC.TABLE_SCHEMA = @Table_Schema AND TC.TABLE_NAME = @Table_Name 
ORDER BY CU.COLUMN_NAME 
FOR XML PATH('')),1,9,'') 
IF @PkColumn IS NULL 
SELECT @PkColumn = 'cast(NULL as nvarchar(max))' 
-- set select statement using dynamic UNPIVOT 
DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX) 
SET @SQL = 'select *, ' + QUOTENAME(@Table_Schema,'''') + 'as [Table Schema], ' + QUOTENAME(@Table_Name,'''') + ' as [Table Name]' + 
' from 
(select '+ @PkColumn + ' as [PK Column], ' + @Cols + ' from ' + QUOTENAME(@Table_Name) + 
' )src UNPIVOT ([Column Value] for [Column Name] IN (' + @Columns + ')) unpvt 
WHERE [Column Value] LIKE ''%'' + @SearchString + ''%''' 
--print @SQL 
EXECUTE sp_ExecuteSQL @SQL, N'@SearchString nvarchar(max)', @SearchString 
END

2、创建搜索存储过程:My_Search_String_AllTables
此存储过程将遍历指定数据库的所有表，并利用上面创建的存储过程My_Search_StringInGivenTable来取得每个表的搜索结果。

代码如下：

USE [NORTHWIND] 
GO 
/****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[My_Search_String_AllTables] Script Date: 09/25/2011 15:41:58 ******/ 
SET ANSI_NULLS OFF 
GO 
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF 
GO 
CREATE PROC [dbo].[My_Search_String_AllTables] 
( 
@SearchString NVARCHAR(MAX) 
) 
AS 
BEGIN 
CREATE TABLE #RESULT ([PK COLUMN] NVARCHAR(MAX), [COLUMN VALUE] NVARCHAR(MAX), [COLUMN Name] sysname, 
[TABLE SCHEMA] sysname, [TABLE Name] sysname) 
DECLARE @Table_Name sysname, @Table_Schema sysname 
DECLARE curAllTables CURSOR LOCAL FORWARD_ONLY STATIC READ_ONLY 
FOR 
SELECT Table_Schema, Table_Name 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.Tables 
WHERE TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE' 
ORDER BY Table_Schema, Table_Name 
OPEN curAllTables 
FETCH curAllTables 
INTO @Table_Schema, @Table_Name 
WHILE (@@FETCH_STATUS = 0) -- Loop through all tables in the database 
BEGIN 
INSERT #RESULT 
EXECUTE My_Search_StringInGivenTable @SearchString, @Table_Schema, @Table_Name 
FETCH curAllTables 
INTO @Table_Schema, @Table_Name 
END -- while 
CLOSE curAllTables 
DEALLOCATE curAllTables 
-- Return results 
SELECT * FROM #RESULT ORDER BY [Table Name] 
END

使用示例

代码如下：

USE [NORTHWIND] 
GO 
DECLARE @return_value int 
EXEC @return_value = [dbo].[My_Search_String_AllTables] 
@SearchString = N'WantValue' 
SELECT 'Return Value' = @return_value 
GO

还有另一个版本，就是直接创建一个存储过程来取得所要结果，但个人觉得前面那个方法更具灵活性

代码如下：

USE [NORTHWIND] 
GO 
/****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[ZL_SearchAllTables] Script Date: 09/25/2011 15:44:10 ******/ 
SET ANSI_NULLS OFF 
GO 
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF 
GO 
CREATE PROC [dbo].[ZL_SearchAllTables] 
( 
@SearchStr nvarchar(100) 
) 
AS 
BEGIN 
CREATE TABLE #Results (ColumnName nvarchar(370), ColumnValue nvarchar(3630)) 
SET NOCOUNT ON 
DECLARE @TableName nvarchar(256), @ColumnName nvarchar(128), @SearchStr2 nvarchar(110) 
SET @TableName = '' 
SET @SearchStr2 = QUOTENAME('%' + @SearchStr + '%','''') 
WHILE @TableName IS NOT NULL 
BEGIN 
SET @ColumnName = '' 
SET @TableName = 
( 
SELECT MIN(QUOTENAME(TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QUOTENAME(TABLE_NAME)) 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES 
WHERE TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE' 
AND QUOTENAME(TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QUOTENAME(TABLE_NAME) > @TableName 
AND OBJECTPROPERTY( 
OBJECT_ID( 
QUOTENAME(TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QUOTENAME(TABLE_NAME) 
), 'IsMSShipped' 
) = 0 
) 
WHILE (@TableName IS NOT NULL) AND (@ColumnName IS NOT NULL) 
BEGIN 
SET @ColumnName = 
( 
SELECT MIN(QUOTENAME(COLUMN_NAME)) 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = PARSENAME(@TableName, 2) 
AND TABLE_NAME = PARSENAME(@TableName, 1) 
AND DATA_TYPE IN ('char', 'varchar', 'nchar', 'nvarchar') 
AND QUOTENAME(COLUMN_NAME) > @ColumnName 
) 
IF @ColumnName IS NOT NULL 
BEGIN 
INSERT INTO #Results 
EXEC 
( 
'SELECT ''' + @TableName + '.' + @ColumnName + ''', LEFT(' + @ColumnName + ', 3630) 
FROM ' + @TableName + ' (NOLOCK) ' + 
' WHERE ' + @ColumnName + ' LIKE ' + @SearchStr2 
) 
END 
END 
END 
SELECT ColumnName, ColumnValue FROM #Results 
END 
[code] 
二、搜索数据是Int类型 
适用于搜索smallint, tinyint, int, bigint等类型 
1、创建存储过程 My_Search_IntInGivenTable 
[code] 
USE [NORTHWIND] 
GO 
/****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[My_Search_IntInGivenTable] Script Date: 09/25/2011 15:45:46 ******/ 
SET ANSI_NULLS ON 
GO 
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON 
GO 
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[My_Search_IntInGivenTable] 
(@SearchValue INT, 
@Table_Schema sysname, 
@Table_Name sysname) 
AS 
BEGIN 
DECLARE @Columns NVARCHAR(MAX) , 
@Cols NVARCHAR(MAX) , 
@PkColumn NVARCHAR(MAX) , 
@SQL NVARCHAR(MAX) 
--判断并创建#Result表 
IF OBJECT_ID('TempDB..#Result', 'U') IS NOT NULL 
DROP TABLE #Result 
CREATE TABLE #RESULT 
( 
[PK COLUMN] NVARCHAR(MAX) , 
[COLUMN VALUE] BIGINT , 
[COLUMN Name] SYSNAME , 
[TABLE SCHEMA] SYSNAME , 
[TABLE Name] SYSNAME 
) 
--开始搜索给定的表 
DECLARE curAllTables CURSOR LOCAL FORWARD_ONLY STATIC READ_ONLY 
FOR 
SELECT Table_Schema , 
Table_Name 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.Tables 
WHERE Table_Name =@Table_Name 
OPEN curAllTables 
WHILE 1 = 1 
BEGIN 
FETCH curAllTables 
INTO @Table_Schema, @Table_Name 
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 -- Loop through all tables in the database 
BREAK 
PRINT CHAR(13) + 'Processing ' + QUOTENAME(@Table_Schema) + '.' 
+ QUOTENAME(@Table_Name) 
-- Get all int columns 
SET @Columns = STUFF(( SELECT ', ' + QUOTENAME(Column_Name) 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
WHERE DATA_TYPE LIKE '%int' 
AND TABLE_NAME = @Table_Name 
AND table_schema = @Table_Schema 
ORDER BY COLUMN_NAME 
FOR 
XML PATH('') 
), 1, 2, '') 
IF @Columns IS NULL 
BEGIN 
PRINT 'No int columns in the ' + QUOTENAME(@Table_Schema) 
+ '.' + QUOTENAME(@Table_Name) 
CONTINUE 
END 
-- Get columns for select statement - we need to convert all columns to bigint 
SET @Cols = STUFF(( SELECT ', cast(' + QUOTENAME(Column_Name) 
+ ' as bigint) as ' 
+ QUOTENAME(Column_Name) 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
WHERE DATA_TYPE LIKE '%int' 
AND TABLE_NAME = @Table_Name 
ORDER BY COLUMN_NAME 
FOR 
XML PATH('') 
), 1, 2, '') 
-- Create PK column(s) 
SET @PkColumn = STUFF(( SELECT N' + ''|'' + ' + ' cast(' 
+ QUOTENAME(CU.COLUMN_NAME) 
+ ' as nvarchar(max))' 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS TC 
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE CU ON TC.TABLE_NAME = CU.TABLE_NAME 
AND TC.TABLE_SCHEMA = CU.TABLE_SCHEMA 
AND Tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME = CU.CONSTRAINT_NAME 
WHERE TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' 
AND TC.TABLE_SCHEMA = @Table_Schema 
AND TC.TABLE_NAME = @Table_Name 
ORDER BY CU.COLUMN_NAME 
FOR 
XML PATH('') 
), 1, 9, '') 
IF @PkColumn IS NULL 
SELECT @PkColumn = 'cast(NULL as nvarchar(max))' 
-- set select statement using dynamic UNPIVOT 
SET @SQL = 'select *, ' + QUOTENAME(@Table_Schema, '''') 
+ 'as [Table Schema], ' + QUOTENAME(@Table_Name, '''') 
+ ' as [Table Name]' + ' from 
(select ' + @PkColumn + ' as [PK Column], ' + @Cols + ' from ' 
+ QUOTENAME(@Table_Schema) + '.' + QUOTENAME(@Table_Name) 
+ ' )src UNPIVOT ([Column Value] for [Column Name] IN (' 
+ @Columns + ')) unpvt 
WHERE [Column Value] = @SearchValue' 
--print @SQL -- if we get errors, we may want to print generated SQL 
INSERT #RESULT 
( [PK COLUMN] , 
[COLUMN VALUE] , 
[COLUMN Name] , 
[TABLE SCHEMA] , 
[TABLE Name] 
) 
EXECUTE sp_ExecuteSQL @SQL, N'@SearchValue int', @SearchValue 
PRINT 'Found ' + CAST(@@ROWCOUNT AS VARCHAR(10)) + ' records in ' 
+ QUOTENAME(@Table_Schema) + '.' + QUOTENAME(@Table_Name) 
END 
CLOSE curAllTables 
DEALLOCATE curAllTables 
SELECT * 
FROM #RESULT 
ORDER BY [TABLE SCHEMA] , 
[TABLE Name] 
END

2、创建搜索存储过程My_Search_Int_AllTables,与上面类似，此存储过程将调用 My_Search_IntInGivenTable来实现所遍历的每一个数据表的搜索结果

代码如下：

USE [NORTHWIND] 
GO 
/****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[My_Search_Int_AllTables] Script Date: 09/25/2011 15:48:29 ******/ 
SET ANSI_NULLS OFF 
GO 
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF 
GO 
CREATE PROC [dbo].[My_Search_Int_AllTables] 
( 
@SearchValue INT 
) 
AS 
BEGIN 
CREATE TABLE #RESULT ([PK COLUMN] NVARCHAR(MAX), [COLUMN VALUE] NVARCHAR(MAX), [COLUMN Name] sysname, 
[TABLE SCHEMA] sysname, [TABLE Name] sysname) 
DECLARE @Table_Name sysname, @Table_Schema sysname 
DECLARE curAllTables CURSOR LOCAL FORWARD_ONLY STATIC READ_ONLY 
FOR 
SELECT Table_Schema, Table_Name 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.Tables 
WHERE TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE' 
ORDER BY Table_Schema, Table_Name 
OPEN curAllTables 
FETCH curAllTables 
INTO @Table_Schema, @Table_Name 
WHILE (@@FETCH_STATUS = 0) -- Loop through all tables in the database 
BEGIN 
INSERT #RESULT 
EXECUTE My_Search_StringInGivenTable @SearchValue, @Table_Schema, @Table_Name 
FETCH curAllTables 
INTO @Table_Schema, @Table_Name 
END -- while 
CLOSE curAllTables 
DEALLOCATE curAllTables 
-- Return results 
SELECT * FROM #RESULT ORDER BY [Table Name] 
END

使用示例

代码如下：

USE [NORTHWIND] 
GO 
DECLARE @return_value int 
EXEC @return_value = [dbo].[My_Search_Int_AllTables] 
@SearchValue = 68 
SELECT 'Return Value' = @return_value 
GO

Note:
1、你可以根据上面一、二中的第1个存储过程来实现只搜索指定某些数据表的功能。
2、对于其它数据类型如:Date，Real等等均可以此为参照进行修改。
3、此方法对大型数据库会很耗时，所以尽量在小数据库上调试。当需要在大数据库上操作时，尽量避开数据库使用高峰时段并要有耐心。