python接口自动化11-pytest入门

前言

pytest是一个非常成熟的全功能的Python测试框架，适合从简单的单元到复杂的功能测试，主要特点有以下几点：

• 简单灵活，容易上手；
• 支持参数化；
• 能够支持简单的单元测试；
• 标记测试功能与属性
• 复杂的功能测试，比如可以做selenium等自动化测试、接口自动化测试（pytest+requests）;
• pytest具有很多第三方插件，并且可以自定义扩展，比较好用的如pytest-selenium（集成selenium）、pytest-html（完美html测试报告生成）等；
• Skip和xfail：处理不成功的测试用例；
• 可以很好的和jenkins集成；
• 通过xdist插件分发测试到多个CPU

一、简介

1、环境搭建推荐版本匹配：pip install pytest==3.6.3

• Python3.6.x + pytest 3.6.3
• Python3.7.x + pytest 4.0.2

2、查看版本：pytest --version

C:\Users\Administrator>pytest --version
This is pytest version 3、6、3, imported from d:\path_python\lib\site-packages\pytest、py

3、pytest 命名规则：

• 文件名以test_*、py 或 *_test、py
• 类已 Test* 开头
• 函数/方法以 test_* 开头

4、pytest 直接写用例，写完 cmd 运行，不需要导入其他模块。

G:\python_study\study\pytest_demo\study>pytest -s test_demo1.py
================================================= test session starts =================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.5, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.6.0
rootdir: G:\python_study\study\pytest_demo\study, inifile:
collected 2 items
test_demo1.py
我是用例：a
.
我是用例：b
.============================================== 2 passed in 0.02 seconds ===============================================

二、pytest 命令行参数介绍

1、运行规则：pytest py文件路径

C:\Users\Administrator>pytest G:\python_study\study\pytest_demo\study\test_demo.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.5, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.6.0
rootdir: C:\Users\Administrator, inifile:
collected 4 items

test_demo.py ....                                                        [100%]

========================== 4 passed in 0.03 seconds ===========================

2、显示打印信息（不然不会看到打印内容）：pytest -s xxx

G:\python_study\study\pytest_demo\study>pytest -s test_demo1.py
================================================= test session starts =================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.5, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.6.0
rootdir: G:\python_study\study\pytest_demo\study, inifile:
collected 2 items

test_demo1.py
我是用例：a
.
我是用例：b
.

============================================== 2 passed in 0.02 seconds ===============================================

3、显示详细信息：pytest -v xxx

G:\python_study\study\pytest_demo\study>pytest test_demo1.py -v
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.5, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.6.0 -- d:\path_python\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: G:\python_study\study\pytest_demo\study, inifile:
collected 2 items

test_demo1.py::Test_api::test_a PASSED                                   [ 50%]
test_demo1.py::Test_api::test_b PASSED                                   [100%]

========================== 2 passed in 0.02 seconds ===========================

4、简洁显示信息：pytest -q xxx

G:\python_study\study\pytest_demo\study>pytest test_demo1.py -q
..                                                                       [100%]
2 passed in 0.02 seconds

5、运行指定用例：pytest -k case_name    (case_name可类可函数，模糊匹配关键字)，如下匹配 demo

G:\python_study\study\pytest_demo\study>pytest -k demo -v
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.5, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.6.0 -- d:\path_python\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: G:\python_study\study\pytest_demo\study, inifile:
collected 11 items / 5 deselected

test_demo.py::test_ab PASSED                                             [ 16%]
test_demo.py::test_aba PASSED                                            [ 33%]
test_demo.py::Test_api::test_aa PASSED                                   [ 50%]
test_demo.py::Test_api::test_b PASSED                                    [ 66%]
test_demo1.py::Test_api::test_a PASSED                                   [ 83%]
test_demo1.py::Test_api::test_b PASSED                                   [100%]

=================== 6 passed, 5 deselected in 0.06 seconds ====================

6、命令行参数不分顺序，还有其他命令行参数，不一一细说：

• 运行类用例且不运行类某个用例：pytest -v -k "Test_api1 and not test_a"
• 失败停止测试：pytest -x
• 指定个数失败后停止测试：pytest --maxfail=2
• 运行上一次失败用例（或没失败的）：pytest --last-failed
• 等等

更多请查看 pytest -h 或者找度娘，我们一般用以上的参数够日常使用了。欢迎来QQ交流群：482713805