MySQL数据库---MHA高可用群集架构
日本DeNA公司youshimaton (现就职于Facebook公司) 开发 一套优秀的作为MySQL高可用性环境下故障切换和主从提升的高可用软件
MHA的组成
MHA Manager (管理节点) MHA Node (数据节点)
MHA特点
自动故障切换过程中,MHA试图从宕机的主服务器上保存二进制日志,最大程度的保证数据的不丢失 使用MySQL 5.5的半同步复制,可以大大降低数据丢失的风险
实验思路
1、MHA架构
(1)数据库安装 (2)一主两从 (3)MHA搭建
2、故障模拟
(1)主库失效 (2)备选主库成为主库 (3)从库2将备选主库指向为主库
部署环境
1、实验环境 | 服务器角色 | IP地址 | 服务软件包 |
---|---|---|---|
master | 192.168.142.130 | mha4mysql-node | |
slave1 | 192.168.142.131 | mha4mysql-node | |
slave2 | 192.168.142.132 | mha4mysql-node | |
manager | 192.168.142.133 | mha4mysql-manager、 mha4mysql-node |
2、实验要求
本案例要求通过MHA监控MySQL 数据库在故障时进行自动切换,不影响业务。
3、实现思路
(1)安装MySQL数据库 (2)配置MySQL一主两从 (3)安装MHA软件 (4)配置无密码认证 (5)配置MySQL MHA高可用 (6)模拟master 故障切换
第一步:在三台MySQL节点上分别安装数据库
(MySOL版本请使用5.6.36, cmake版本请使用2.8.6)
1、安装编译依赖的环境
yum install -y install ncurses-devel gcc gcc-c++ perl-Module-Install
2、远程挂载
mkdir /abc mount.cifs //192.168.1421/mha /abc/
3、安装gmake编译软件
cd /abc/mha/ tar zxvf cmake-2.8.6.tar.gz -C /opt/ cd /opt/cmake-2.8.6/ ./configure gmake && gmake install
4、安装MySQL数据库
cd /abc/mha/ tar zxvf mysql-5.6.36.tar.gz -C /opt/ cd /opt/mysql-5.6.36/ cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc make && make install cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld chkconfig --add mysqld echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --user=mysql
5、修改master的主配置文件/etc/my.cnf文件,三台服务器的server-id不能一样
vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] server-id = 1 log_bin = master-bin log-slave-updates = true
第二步:配置从服务器1
修改 mysql 的主配置文件
#在/etc/my.cnf中修改或者增加下面内容。 [mysqld] server-id = 2 log_bin = master-bin relay-log = relay-log-bin relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index
第三步:配置从服务器2
1.修改 mysql 的主配置文件:/etc/my.cnf
vim /etc/my.cnf [mysql] server-id = 3 log_bin = master-bin relay-log = relay-log-bin relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index
2.在master、slave1、slave2上分别做两个软连接
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/sbin/ ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/sbin/
3.master、slave1、slave2上启动mysql,并查看开启状况
#启动mysql /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & #查看服务端口状态 netstat -ntap | grep 3306 #关闭防火墙和安全功能 systemctl stop firewalld.service setenforce 0
第四步:配置MySQL一主两从
1.mysq主从配置相对比较简单需要注意的是授权,在所有数据库节点上授权两个用户,一个是从库同步使用用户myslave,另一个是manager使用监控用户mha
grant replication slave on *.* to ‘myslave‘@‘192.168.142.%‘ identified by ‘123‘; grant all privileges on *.* to ‘mha‘@‘192.168.142.%‘ identified by ‘manager‘; flush privileges;
2.下面三条授权按理论是不用添加的,但是做案例实验环境时候通过MHA检查mysql主从有报错,
报两个从库通过主机名连接不上主库,所以所有数据库加上下面的授权
grant all privileges on *.* to ‘mha‘@‘master‘ identified by ‘manager‘; grant all privileges on *.* to ‘mha‘@‘slave1‘ identified by ‘manager‘; grant all privileges on *.* to ‘mha‘@‘slave2‘ identified by ‘manager‘; #刷新数据库 flush privileges;
3.在master主机上查看二进制文件和同步点
mysql> show master status; +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | master-bin.000001 | 1292 | | | | +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
4.在slave1、slave2上分别执行同步
change master to master_host=‘192.168.142.130‘,master_user=‘myslave‘,master_password=‘123‘,master_log_file=‘masterbin.000001‘,master_log_pos=1292; start slave; #开启slave
5.查看IO和SQL线程都是yes代表代表同步正常
show slave status\G; Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes #必须设置两个从库为只读模式 #设置两个从库为只读模式 set global read_only=1; #刷新数据库 flush privileges;
第五步:安装MHA软件(所有服务器上都安装MHA依赖的环境,首先安装epel源)
#关闭防火墙和安全功能 systemctl stop firewalld.service setenforce 0 #安装MHA依赖的环境 yum install epel-release --nogpgcheck -y yum install -y perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Config-Tiny perl-Log-Dispatch perl-Parallel-ForkManager perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker perl-CPAN #安装node(在所有服务器上安装node) tar zxvf /abc/rpm/MHA/mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gz cd mha4mysql-node-0.57/ perl Makefile.PL make && make install
第六步:在MHA-manager上安装manager组件(注意:先安装node组件才能安装manager组件)
tar zxvf /abc/rpm/MHA/mha4mysql-manager-0.57.tar.gz cd mha4mysql-manager-0.57/ perl Makefile.PL make make install manager安装后会在/usr/local/bin下面生成几个工具: masterha_conf_host #添加或删除配置的server信息 masterha_stop #关闭manager masterha_manager #启动manager脚本 masterha_check_repl #检查mysql复制情况 masterha_master_monitor #检查master是否宕机 masterha_check_ssh #检查MHA的SSH配置状况 masterha_master_switch #控制故障转移(自动或者手动) masterha_check_status #检测当前MHA运行状态 node安装后也会在/usr/local/bin下面生成几个脚本(这些工具通常由MHA Manager的脚本出发,无需人为陈操作) apply_diff_relay_logs #识别差异的中继日志事件并将其差异的事件应用与其他的slave filter_mysqlbinlog #去除不必要的ROLLBACK事件(MHA已不再使用这个工具) purge_relay_logs #清除中继日志(不会阻塞SQL线程) save_binary_logs #保存和复制master的二进制日志
第七步:配置无密码验证
(1)在manager上配置到所有数据库节点的无密码认证
#因为是无密码验证,所以一路按回车键 ssh-keygen -t rsa ssh-copy-id 192.168.142.130 ssh-copy-id 192.168.142.131 ssh-copy-id 192.168.142.132
(2)在master上配置到数据库节点slave1和slave2的无密码验证
ssh-keygen -t rsa ssh-copy-id 192.168.142.131 ssh-copy-id 192.168.142.132
(3)在slave1上配置到数据库节点master和slave2的无密码认证
ssh-keygen -t rsa ssh-copy-id 192.168.142.130 ssh-copy-id 192.168.142.132
(4)在slave2上配置到数据库节点master和slave1的无密码认证
ssh-keygen -t rsa ssh-copy-id 192.168.142.130 ssh-copy-id 192.168.142.131
第八步:配置MHA
1.在manager节点上复制相关脚本到/usr/local/bin目录
cp -ra /root/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/scripts /usr/local/bin #拷贝后会有四个执行文件 #查看目录权限 ll /usr/local/bin/scripts/ -rwxr-xr-x. 1 1001 1001 3648 May 31 2015 master_ip_failover #自动切换时VIP管理的脚本 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 1001 1001 9870 May 31 2015 master_ip_online_change #在线切换时VIP的管理 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 1001 1001 11867 May 31 2015 power_manager #故障发生后关闭主机的脚本 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 1001 1001 1360 May 31 2015 send_report #因故障切换后发送警报的脚本
2.复制上述的自动切换时VIP管理的脚本到/usr/local/bin目录,这里使用脚本管理VIP
cp /usr/local/bin/scripts/master_ip_failover /usr/local/bin
3.重新编写 master_ip_failover 脚本:(删除原有内容,直接写入下述内容)
vim /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover #!/usr/bin/env perl use strict; use warnings FATAL => ‘all‘; use Getopt::Long; my ( $command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip, $orig_master_port, $new_master_host, $new_master_ip, $new_master_port ); #添加内容部分 my $vip = ‘192.168.142.200‘; my $brdc = ‘192.168.142.255‘; my $ifdev = ‘ens33‘; my $key = ‘1‘; my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key $vip"; my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key down"; my $exit_code = 0; #my $ssh_start_vip = "/usr/sbin/ip addr add $vip/24 brd $brdc dev $ifdev label $ifdev:$key;/usr/sbin/arping -q -A -c 1 -I $ifdev $vip;iptables -F;"; #my $ssh_stop_vip = "/usr/sbin/ip addr del $vip/24 dev $ifdev label $ifdev:$key"; GetOptions( ‘command=s‘ => \$command, ‘ssh_user=s‘ => \$ssh_user, ‘orig_master_host=s‘ => \$orig_master_host, ‘orig_master_ip=s‘ => \$orig_master_ip, ‘orig_master_port=i‘ => \$orig_master_port, ‘new_master_host=s‘ => \$new_master_host, ‘new_master_ip=s‘ => \$new_master_ip, ‘new_master_port=i‘ => \$new_master_port, ); exit &main(); sub main { print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_start_vip===\n\n"; if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) { my $exit_code = 1; eval { print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n"; &stop_vip(); $exit_code = 0; }; if () { warn "Got Error: \n"; exit $exit_code; } exit $exit_code; } elsif ( $command eq "start" ) { my $exit_code = 10; eval { print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n"; &start_vip(); $exit_code = 0; }; if () { warn ; exit $exit_code; } exit $exit_code; } elsif ( $command eq "status" ) { print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n"; exit 0; } else { &usage(); exit 1; } } sub start_vip() { `ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`; } # A simple system call that disable the VIP on the old_master sub stop_vip() { `ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`; } sub usage { print "Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n"; }
4.创建MHA软件目录并拷贝配置文件
mkdir /etc/masterha cp /root/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/conf/app1.cnf /etc/masterha vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf [server default] #manager配置文件 manager_log=/var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log #manager日志 manager_workdir=/var/log/masterha/app1 #master保存binlog的位置,这里的路径要与master里配置的bilog的相同 master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data #设置自动failover时候的切换脚本。也就是上边的那个脚本 master_ip_failover_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover #设置手动切换时候的切换脚本 master_ip_online_change_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change #这个密码是前文中创建监控用户的那个密码 password=manager remote_workdir=/tmp #设置复制用户密码 repl_password=123 #设置复制用户的用户 repl_user=myslave #设置发生切换后发生报警的脚本 reporl_script=/usr/local/send_report secondary_check_script=/usr/local/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s 192.168.45.130 -s 192.168.45.134 #设置故障发生关闭故障脚本主机 shutdown_script="" #设置ssh的登录用户名 ssh_user=root #设置监控用户 user=mha [server1] hostname=192.168.142. port=3306 [server2] candidate_master=1 check_repl_delay=0 hostname=192.168.142. port=3306 [server3] hostname=192.168.142. port=3306
5.测试ssh无密码认证
masterha_check_ssh -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf masterha_check_repl -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf #注意:第一次配置需要去master上手动开启虚拟IP /sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.142.200/24
6.启动MHA
nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &
7.查看MHA状态,可以看到当前的master是mysql1节点
masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
8.查看MHA日志,也可以看到当前的master是192.168.142.130
cat /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log
第九步:故障模拟
1、启动监控观察日志记录
tailf /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log
2、查看地址变化
pkill -9 mysql #宕掉mysql服务 VIP地址不会因为manager节点停止MHA服务而消失,VIP地址会转移到slave1上 #从服务器查看vip地址转移 ifconfig ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.142.131 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.142.255 inet6 fe80::b81a:9df:a960:45ac prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:97:8e:66 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 1687418 bytes 1157627305 (1.0 GiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 1376468 bytes 170996461 (163.0 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 ens33:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.142.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.142.255 ether 00:0c:29:97:8e:66 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
3、在mha-manager上开启另外一个新的终端,直接yum安装一个mysql
yum install mysql -y #在slave1上赋予权限,要不然mha-manager这边是进不到数据库的: grant all on *.* to ‘root‘@‘%‘ identified by ‘abc123‘; #在mh-manager上进行登录: mysql -h 192.168.142.200 -uroot -p Enter password: #输入密码
(1)创建个数据库school,并创建个表info,写一下简单的内容
MySQL [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) MySQL [(none)]> create database school; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MySQL [(none)]> use school; Database changed MySQL [school]> create table info (id int); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
(2)创建好以后再slave1上的数据库中查看,会同步数据
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | school | | test | +--------------------+
(3)因为slave1和slave2之间是相互同步的,所以在slave2上数据也应该同步
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | school | | test | +--------------------+