五、Hadoop搭建Hive
一、安装Hive
- 1.1下载并解压Hive
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/hive/hive-2.3.7/apache-hive-2.3.7-bin.tar.gz tar -zxvf apache-hive-2.3.7-bin.tar.gz -C /opt/module/ mv apache-hive-2.3.7-bin/ hive-2.3.7
- 1.2 将hive添加到环境变量
vim /etc/profile export HIVE_HOME=/opt/module/hive-2.3.7 export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin
- 1.3 激活配置
source /etc/profile
二、配置Hive
- 2.1配置hive配置文件,hive元数据默认存储到derby数据库中,我们这里使用mysql来存储,hive-site.xml配置信息较多建议下载到windows下修改,然后再传上去
首先复制默认的配置文件模板,里面已经包含hive所有的默认配置信息
cp hive-default.xml.template hive-site.xml
修改hive-site.xml配置文件,将元数据存放数据库改为mysql,在hive-site.xml中找到下列属性,修改为:
<property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name> <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value> <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description> </property> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name> <value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.130.77:3306/hive</value> <description> JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore. To use SSL to encrypt/authenticate the connection, provide database-specific SSL flag in the connection URL. For example, jdbc:postgresql://myhost/db?ssl=true for postgres database. </description> </property> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name> <value>root</value> <description>Username to use against metastore database</description> </property> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name> <value>123456</value> <description>password to use against metastore database</description> </property>
数据库驱动为mysql驱动com.mysql.jdbc.Driver,URL改为mysql的hive2(自定义)数据库,用户名密码为自己数据库对应的用户名密码
修改hive配置的一些目录,指定到自己选择的目录,搜索以?${system 开头的 value 替换为自己的目录,我这里替换为:/opt/module/hive-2.3.7/hive下相关目录
<property> <name>hive.exec.local.scratchdir</name> <value>/opt/module/hive-2.3.7/hive</value> <description>Local scratch space for Hive jobs</description> </property> <property> <name>hive.downloaded.resources.dir</name> <value>/opt/module/hive-2.3.7/hive/downloads</value> <description>Temporary local directory for added resources in the remote file system.</description> </property> <property> <name>hive.querylog.location</name> <value>/opt/module/hive-2.3.7/hive/querylog</value> <description>Location of Hive run time structured log file</description> </property> <property> <name>hive.server2.logging.operation.log.location</name> <value>/opt/module/hive-2.3.7/hive/server2_logs</value> <description>Top level directory where operation logs are stored if logging functionality is enabled</description> </property
修改权限验证为false
<property> <name>hive.server2.enable.doAs</name> <value>false</value> <description> Setting this property to true will have HiveServer2 execute Hive operations as the user making the calls to it. </description> </property>
- 2.2既然修改元数据存放在mysql库里,就需要将mysql驱动包放入到hive/lib中,注意mysql版本和驱动包一致
需要自己去下载jdbc
mv mysql-connector-java-8.0.18.jar /opt/soft/hive/lib/
- 2.3初始化hive的元数据(表结构)到mysql中
cd /opt/module/hive-2.3.7/bin
schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema
出现如下信息,代表成功
也可以查看mysql中hive库,所有表初始化完成 - 2.4 Hive使用,前提是Hadoop启动
cd /opt/module/hive-2.3.7/bin hive
- 2.5 创建数据库
create database myhivedb2;
- 2.6可以查看一下hdgs中是否创建了对应的目录
hdfs dfs -ls -R /user/hive/
- 2.7在使用hive之前需要启动metastore和hiveserver服务,通过如下命令启用:
hive --service metastore &
hive --service hiveserver2 &(版本在centos6.8-6.9请执行hive --service hiveserver)
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