Vim 神器的打造方式
Vim 是一个上古神器,本篇文章主要持续总结使用 Vim 的过程中不得不了解的一些指令和注意事项,以及持续分享一个前端工作者不得不安装的一些插件,而关于 Vim 的简介,主题的选择,以及为何使用 vim-plug 来管理插件等内容,有兴趣的同学下来可以自己了解和对比下。
安装
sudo apt-get install vim // Ubuntu
其他平台,可以自行谷歌。
新手指南
vimtutor // vim 教程
上面是史上最简单,最全面的Vim基础教程,至今无人超越。
下面是作者基于上面的归纳:
移动光标
hjkl 2w 向前移动两个单词 3e 向前移动到第 3 个单词的末尾 0 移动到行首 $ 当前行的末尾 gg 文件第一行 G 文件最后一行 行号+G 指定行 <ctrl>+o 跳转回之前的位置 <ctrl>+i 返回跳转之前的位置
退出
<esc> 进入正常模式 :q! 不保存退出 :wq 保存后退出
删除
x 删除当前字符 dw 删除至当前单词末尾 de 删除至当前单词末尾,包括当前字符 d$ 删除至当前行尾 dd 删除整行 2dd 删除两行
修改
i 插入文本 A 当前行末尾添加 r 替换当前字符 o 打开新的一行并进入插入模式
撤销
u 撤销 <ctrl>+r 取消撤销
复制粘贴剪切
v 进入可视模式 y 复制 p 粘贴 yy 复制当前行 dd 剪切当前行
状态
<ctrl>+g 显示当前行以及文件信息
查找
/ 正向查找(n:继续查找,N:相反方向继续查找) ? 逆向查找 % 查找配对的 {,[,( :set ic 忽略大小写 :set noic 取消忽略大小写 :set hls 匹配项高亮显示 :set is 显示部分匹配
替换
:s/old/new 替换该行第一个匹配串 :s/old/new/g 替换全行的匹配串 :%s/old/new/g 替换整个文件的匹配串
折叠
zc 折叠 zC 折叠所有嵌套 zo 展开折叠 zO 展开所有折叠嵌套
执行外部命令
:!shell 执行外部命令
.vimrc
.vimrc
是 Vim 的配置文件,需要我们自己创建:
cd Home // 进入 Home 目录 touch .vimrc // 配置文件 # Unix # vim-plug # Vim curl -fLo ~/.vim/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim # Neovim curl -fLo ~/.local/share/nvim/site/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim
其他平台,可以查看 vim-plug。
基本配置
取消备份
set nobackup set noswapfile
文件编码
set encoding=utf-8
显示行号
set number
取消换行
set nowrap
显示光标当前位置
set ruler
设置缩进
set cindent set tabstop=2 set shiftwidth=2
突出显示当前行
set cursorline
查找
set ic set hls set is
左下角显示当前 vim 模式
set showmode
代码折叠
# 启动 vim 时关闭折叠代码 set nofoldenable
主题
syntax enable set background=dark colorscheme solarized
插件配置
树形目录
Plug 'scrooloose/nerdtree' Plug 'jistr/vim-nerdtree-tabs' Plug 'Xuyuanp/nerdtree-git-plugin' autocmd vimenter * NERDTree map <C-n> :NERDTreeToggle<CR> let NERDTreeShowHidden=1 let g:NERDTreeShowIgnoredStatus = 1 let g:nerdtree_tabs_open_on_console_startup=1 let g:NERDTreeIndicatorMapCustom = { \ "Modified" : "✹", \ "Staged" : "✚", \ "Untracked" : "✭", \ "Renamed" : "➜", \ "Unmerged" : "═", \ "Deleted" : "✖", \ "Dirty" : "✗", \ "Clean" : "✔︎", \ 'Ignored' : '☒', \ "Unknown" : "?" \ } # o 打开关闭文件或目录 # e 以文件管理的方式打开选中的目录 # t 在标签页中打开 # T 在标签页中打开,但光标仍然留在 NERDTree # r 刷新光标所在的目录 # R 刷新当前根路径 # X 收起所有目录 # p 小写,跳转到光标所在的上一级路径 # P 大写,跳转到当前根路径 # J 到第一个节点 # K 到最后一个节点 # I 显示隐藏文件 # m 显示文件操作菜单 # C 将根路径设置为光标所在的目录 # u 设置上级目录为根路径 # ctrl + w + w 光标自动在左右侧窗口切换 # ctrl + w + r 移动当前窗口的布局位置 # :tabc 关闭当前的 tab # :tabo 关闭所有其他的 tab # :tabp 前一个 tab # :tabn 后一个 tab # gT 前一个 tab # gt 后一个 tab
代码,引号,路径补全
Plug 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe' Plug 'Raimondi/delimitMate' Plug 'Shougo/deoplete.nvim', { 'do': ':UpdateRemotePlugins' }
语法高亮,检查
Plug 'sheerun/vim-polyglot' Plug 'w0rp/ale' let g:ale_linters = { \ 'javascript': ['eslint'], \ 'css': ['stylelint'], \} let g:ale_fixers = { \ 'javascript': ['eslint'], \ 'css': ['stylelint'], \} let g:ale_fix_on_save = 1 let g:ale_sign_column_always = 1 let g:ale_sign_error = '●' let g:ale_sign_warning = '▶' nmap <silent> <C-k> <Plug>(ale_previous_wrap) nmap <silent> <C-j> <Plug>(ale_next_wrap)
文件,代码搜索
Plug 'rking/ag.vim' Plug 'kien/ctrlp.vim'
加强版状态栏
Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline' Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline-themes' let g:airline_theme='papercolor'
代码注释
Plug 'scrooloose/nerdcommenter' # <leader>cc // 注释 # <leader>cm 只用一组符号注释 # <leader>cA 在行尾添加注释 # <leader>c$ /* 注释 */ # <leader>cs /* 块注释 */ # <leader>cy 注释并复制 # <leader>c<space> 注释/取消注释 # <leader>ca 切换 // 和 /* */ # <leader>cu 取消注释 let g:NERDSpaceDelims = 1 let g:NERDDefaultAlign = 'left' let g:NERDCustomDelimiters = { \ 'javascript': { 'left': '//', 'leftAlt': '/**', 'rightAlt': '*/' }, \ 'less': { 'left': '/**', 'right': '*/' } \ }
git
Plug 'airblade/vim-gitgutter' Plug 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
Markdown
Plug 'suan/vim-instant-markdown' let g:instant_markdown_slow = 1 let g:instant_markdown_autostart = 0 # :InstantMarkdownPreview
Emmet
Plug 'mattn/emmet-vim' let g:user_emmet_leader_key='<Tab>' let g:user_emmet_settings = { \ 'javascript.jsx' : { \ 'extends' : 'jsx', \ }, \ }
html 5
Plug'othree/html5.vim'
css 3
Plug 'hail2u/vim-css3-syntax' Plug 'ap/vim-css-color' augroup VimCSS3Syntax autocmd! autocmd FileType css setlocal iskeyword+=- augroup END
JavaScipt
<span class="typ">Plug</span><span class="str">'pangloss/vim-javascript'</span>
<span class="pln">let g</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">javascript_plugin_jsdoc </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">1</span>
<span class="pln">let g</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">javascript_plugin_ngdoc </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">1</span>
<span class="pln">let g</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">javascript_plugin_flow </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">1</span>
<span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pln"> foldmethod</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">syntax</span>
<span class="pln">let g</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">javascript_conceal_function </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">"ƒ"</span>
<span class="pln">let g</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">javascript_conceal_null </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">"ø"</span>
<span class="pln">let g</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">javascript_conceal_this </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">"@"</span>
<span class="pln">let g</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">javascript_conceal_return </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">"⇚"</span>
<span class="pln">let g</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">javascript_conceal_undefined </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">"¿"</span>
<span class="pln">let g</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">javascript_conceal_NaN </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">"ℕ"</span>
<span class="pln">let g</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">javascript_conceal_prototype </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">"¶"</span>
<span class="pln">let g</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">javascript_conceal_static </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">"•"</span>
<span class="pln">let g</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">javascript_conceal_super </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">"Ω"</span>
<span class="pln">let g</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">javascript_conceal_arrow_function </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">"⇒"</span>
<span class="pln">let g</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">javascript_conceal_noarg_arrow_function </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">" "</span>
<span class="pln">let g</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">javascript_conceal_underscore_arrow_function </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">" "</span>
<span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pln"> conceallevel</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">1</span>
(注:上述脚本中存在特殊字符,有的情况下显示不正确,请直接用上述链接的内容。)
React
<span class="typ">Plug</span><span class="str">'mxw/vim-jsx'</span>
<span class="pln">let g</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">jsx_ext_required </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">0</span>
Prettier
<span class="typ">Plug</span><span class="str">'prettier/vim-prettier'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pun">{</span>
<span class="pln">\ </span><span class="str">'do'</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="str">'yarn install'</span><span class="pun">,</span>
<span class="pln">\ </span><span class="str">'for'</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="str">'javascript'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'typescript'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'css'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'less'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'scss'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'json'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'graphql'</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pun">}</span>
<span class="pln">let g</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">prettier</span><span class="com">#</span><span class="pln">config</span><span class="com">#</span><span class="pln">bracket_spacing </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">'true'</span>
<span class="pln">let g</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">prettier</span><span class="com">#</span><span class="pln">config</span><span class="com">#</span><span class="pln">jsx_bracket_same_line </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">'false'</span>
<span class="pln">let g</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">prettier</span><span class="com">#</span><span class="pln">autoformat </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">0</span>
<span class="pln">autocmd </span><span class="typ">BufWritePre</span><span class="pun">*.</span><span class="pln">js</span><span class="pun">,*.</span><span class="pln">jsx</span><span class="pun">,*.</span><span class="pln">mjs</span><span class="pun">,*.</span><span class="pln">ts</span><span class="pun">,*.</span><span class="pln">tsx</span><span class="pun">,*.</span><span class="pln">css</span><span class="pun">,*.</span><span class="kwd">less</span><span class="pun">,*.</span><span class="pln">scss</span><span class="pun">,*.</span><span class="pln">json</span><span class="pun">,*.</span><span class="pln">graphql </span><span class="typ">PrettierAsync</span>
<span class="com">#</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="typ">Prettier</span>
总结
最后,呈上参考配置 .vimrc,如果关于 vim 有更好的 idea,欢迎在评论中交流。
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