Python图像处理库(PIL)的安装与简单使用
今天在Python运行环境的服务器弄一个有关图像处理的程序时报这样的错:
NameError: global name 'Image' is not defined
import Image 了下,发现原来 Python 并没有自带图像处理库,需要独立安装……查了下,Python常用的图像处理库叫PIL,可以使用 pip 安装,不错~于是在 用virtualenv 里敲入 pip install PIL。
安装很快完成,于是愉悦地刷新,等待程序的通过,结果又报错:
IOError: decoder jpeg not available
Google了下,发现通过 pip 安装的 PIL 不会安装 jpeg 的解码器……检查了下安装日志,也有这样的说明:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PIL 1.1.7 SETUP SUMMARY
--------------------------------------------------------------------
version 1.1.7
platform linux2 2.7.5 (default, Sep 18 2013, 09:53:07)
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-54)]
--------------------------------------------------------------------
*** TKINTER support not available
*** JPEG support not available
*** ZLIB (PNG/ZIP) support not available
*** FREETYPE2 support not available
*** LITTLECMS support not available
--------------------------------------------------------------------
To add a missing option, make sure you have the required
library, and set the corresponding ROOT variable in the
setup.py script.
JPEG support not available…… jpg都不支持,这是闹哪样……
于是只得手动安装了:
wget http://effbot.org/downloads/Imaging-1.1.7.tar.gz
tar xvfz Imaging-1.1.7.tar.gz
下载并解压成功之后,到解压目录,找到 Imaging-1.1.7/setup.py 这个文件,修改下面几行代码(默认TCL_ROOT的设置为NONE,这里要传到系统库的路径才行):
TCL_ROOT = "/usr/lib64/"
JPEG_ROOT = "/usr/lib64/"
ZLIB_ROOT = "/usr/lib64/"
TIFF_ROOT = "/usr/lib64/"
FREETYPE_ROOT = "/usr/lib64/"
LCMS_ROOT = "/usr/lib64/"
再进行安装前的检查:
python /root/nowamagic_venv/Imaging-1.1.7/setup.py build_ext -i
检查没问题,可以执行安装了:
python /root/nowamagic_venv/Imaging-1.1.7/setup.py install
安装成功:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PIL 1.1.7 SETUP SUMMARY
--------------------------------------------------------------------
version 1.1.7
platform linux2 2.7.5 (default, Sep 18 2013, 09:53:07)
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-54)]
--------------------------------------------------------------------
*** TKINTER support not available
--- JPEG support available
--- ZLIB (PNG/ZIP) support available
--- FREETYPE2 support available
*** LITTLECMS support not available
--------------------------------------------------------------------
现在 jpg 已经被支持了,程序也执行成功,这里简单记录一下过程,方便后来者。顺便附带测试程序,用 Tornado 上传图片并生成缩略图:
import time
import tempfile
import Image
class AsciiImageProcessHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
def post(self):
if self.request.files:
for f in self.request.files['image']:
rawname = f['filename']
dstname = str(int(time.time()))+'.'+rawname.split('.').pop()
thbname = "thumb_"+dstname
self.write( dstname )
tf = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
tf.write(f['body'])
tf.seek(0)
# create normal file
# img = Image.open(src)
img = Image.open(tf.name)
img.thumbnail((920,920),resample=1)
img.save("./static/upload/asciiimg/"+dstname)
# create thumb file
img.thumbnail((100,100),resample=1)
img.save("./static/upload/asciiimg_tn/"+thbname)
tf.close()
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