Prometheus + Grafana 部署说明之安装

说明

在前面的Prometheus学习系列文章里，大致介绍说明了Prometheus和Grafana的一些使用，现在开始介绍如何从头开始部署Prometheus+Grafana，来监控各个相关的指标数据来进行展示。

部署

Prometheus基于Golang编写（需要安装），编译后的软件包，不依赖于任何的第三方依赖。用户只需要下载对应平台的二进制包，解压并且添加基本的配置即可正常启动Prometheus Server。

环境：

系统：
centos-release-7-4.1708.el7.centos.x86_64
IP：10.47.97.47

Prometheus：
prometheus-2.14.0

Grafana：
grafana-6.5.1-1

下载：

1：Prometheus
wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.14.0/prometheus-2.14.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

2：Grafana：
wget https://dl.grafana.com/oss/release/grafana-6.5.1-1.x86_64.rpm

安装

1： Prometheus 安装

• 添加用户prometheus
  

  useradd --no-create-home --shell /bin/false prometheus

• 创建相关目录
  

  mkdir /etc/prometheus
  mkdir /var/lib/prometheus

• 改目录权限
  

  chown prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus
  chown prometheus:prometheus /var/lib/prometheus

• 解压 & 移动到相应目录

  tar xvf prometheus-2.14.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz 
  
  cp prometheus-2.14.0.linux-amd64/prometheus /usr/local/bin/
  cp prometheus-2.14.0.linux-amd64/promtool /usr/local/bin/
  
  cp -r prometheus-2.14.0.linux-amd64/consoles/ /etc/prometheus/
  cp -r prometheus-2.14.0.linux-amd64/console_libraries/ /etc/prometheus/
  cp prometheus-2.14.0.linux-amd64/prometheus.yml /etc/prometheus/
  
  chown prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/bin/prometheus
  chown prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/bin/promtool
  
  chown -R prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus/consoles
  chown -R prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus/console_libraries
  chown -R prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml

• 配置Prometheus service，端口为9099
  

  vim /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service
  

  [Unit]
  Description=Prometheus
  Wants=network-online.target
  After=network-online.target
  
  [Service]
  User=prometheus
  Group=prometheus
  Type=simple
  ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/prometheus     --config.file /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml     --storage.tsdb.path /var/lib/prometheus/     --web.console.templates=/etc/prometheus/consoles     --web.console.libraries=/etc/prometheus/console_libraries     --web.listen-address=:9099
  
  [Install]
  WantedBy=multi-user.target

• 加载systemd服务 & 启动
  

  # 加载 
  systemctl daemon-reload# 开机启动systemctl enable prometheus.service
  # 启动
  systemctl start prometheus
  # 查看状态
  systemctl status prometheus

• 查看状态：systemctl status prometheus
  

  # systemctl status prometheus
  ● prometheus.service - Prometheus
     Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
     Active: active (running) since Mon 2019-12-09 18:35:00 CST; 1min 8s ago
   Main PID: 18875 (prometheus)
     CGroup: /system.slice/prometheus.service
             └─18875 /usr/local/bin/prometheus --config.file /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml --storage.tsdb.path /var/lib/prometheus/ --web.console.templates=/etc/prometheus/consoles --web.console.librari...
  
  Dec 09 18:35:00 test26-mysql03 prometheus[18875]: level=info ts=2019-12-09T10:35:00.175Z caller=head.go:583 component=tsdb msg="WAL segment loaded" segment=4 maxSegment=8
  Dec 09 18:35:00 test26-mysql03 prometheus[18875]: level=info ts=2019-12-09T10:35:00.175Z caller=head.go:583 component=tsdb msg="WAL segment loaded" segment=5 maxSegment=8
  Dec 09 18:35:00 test26-mysql03 prometheus[18875]: level=info ts=2019-12-09T10:35:00.176Z caller=head.go:583 component=tsdb msg="WAL segment loaded" segment=6 maxSegment=8
  Dec 09 18:35:00 test26-mysql03 prometheus[18875]: level=info ts=2019-12-09T10:35:00.178Z caller=head.go:583 component=tsdb msg="WAL segment loaded" segment=7 maxSegment=8
  Dec 09 18:35:00 test26-mysql03 prometheus[18875]: level=info ts=2019-12-09T10:35:00.178Z caller=head.go:583 component=tsdb msg="WAL segment loaded" segment=8 maxSegment=8
  Dec 09 18:35:00 test26-mysql03 prometheus[18875]: level=info ts=2019-12-09T10:35:00.180Z caller=main.go:672 fs_type=EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC
  Dec 09 18:35:00 test26-mysql03 prometheus[18875]: level=info ts=2019-12-09T10:35:00.180Z caller=main.go:673 msg="TSDB started"
  Dec 09 18:35:00 test26-mysql03 prometheus[18875]: level=info ts=2019-12-09T10:35:00.180Z caller=main.go:743 msg="Loading configuration file" filename=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
  Dec 09 18:35:00 test26-mysql03 prometheus[18875]: level=info ts=2019-12-09T10:35:00.182Z caller=main.go:771 msg="Completed loading of configuration file" filename=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
  Dec 09 18:35:00 test26-mysql03 prometheus[18875]: level=info ts=2019-12-09T10:35:00.182Z caller=main.go:626 msg="Server is ready to receive web requests."

• 命令行启动：
  

  sudo -u prometheus /usr/local/bin/prometheus --config.file /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml --storage.tsdb.path /var/lib/prometheus/ --web.console.templates=/etc/prometheus/consoles --web.console.libraries=/etc/prometheus/console_libraries --web.listen-address=:9099

• 访问URL：
  

  http://10.47.97.47:9099/graph

• 配置文件：
  

  # my global config
  global:
    scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
    evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
    # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).
  
  # Alertmanager configuration
  alerting:
    alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
      - targets:
        # - alertmanager:9093
  
  # Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global ‘evaluation_interval‘.
  rule_files:
    # - "first_rules.yml"
    # - "second_rules.yml"
  
  # A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
  # Here it‘s Prometheus itself.
  scrape_configs:
    # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
    - job_name: ‘prometheus‘
  
      # metrics_path defaults to ‘/metrics‘
      # scheme defaults to ‘http‘.
  
      static_configs:
      - targets: [‘localhost:9099‘]
  
  
    - job_name: ‘node_exporter‘
      scrape_interval: 1s
      static_configs:
      - targets: [‘a:9199‘,‘b:9199‘,‘c:9199‘,‘d:9199‘]
      relabel_configs:
      - action: replace
        source_labels: [‘__address__‘]  ##源标签
        regex: (.*):(.*)             ##正则，会匹配到__address__值
        replacement: $1       ##引用正则匹配到的内容
        target_label: HOSTNAME    ##赋予新的标签，名为HOSTNAME

  之后可以访问到Prometheus的Web界面。到此Prometheus的安装结束。更多的参数可以看Prometheus学习系列（二）之Prometheus FIRST STEPS和Prometheus学习系列（四）之Prometheus 配置说明
  

2： Grafana 安装

• 下载完rpm包之后，直接执行：
  

  sudo yum localinstall grafana-6.5.1-1.x86_64.rpm

• 安装完之后进行Grafana配置的修改：修改端口 vim /etc/grafana/grafana.ini ,关于配置说明请见：官方文档、Grafana配置和Grafana 配置文件详解
  

  http_port = 3333

• 加载systemd服务 & 启动
  

  直接启动
  $ sudo service grafana-server start

  #配置为在引导时启动
  $ sudo /sbin/chkconfig --add grafana-server
  #加载
  $ systemctl daemon-reload#开启
  $ systemctl start grafana-server#查看状态
  $ systemctl status grafana-server#开启启动
  sudo systemctl enable grafana-server.service

• 日志&数据目录
  

  日志目录：
  配置为在引导时启动
  
  数据目录：
  /var/lib/grafana/grafana.db

• 访问URL：
  

  http://10.47.97.47:3333

在1、2操作中，已经把Prometheus和Grafana安装完毕，现在开始安装Exporter来采集数据。

其他的exporter可以见官网。

可视化监控

上面已经安装部署好了Prometheus、Grafana和Exporter，现在需要把这3者联系起来进行数据展示。如已经安装了node_exporter，需要把node_exporter采集的信息配置到Prometheus上。即修改Prometheus配置文件：

在scrape_configs选项组下面添加：

- job_name: ‘node_exporter‘
    scrape_interval: 1s
    static_configs:
    - targets: [‘localhost:9199‘]

重启Prometheus：

systemctl restart prometheus

此时可以在Prometheus上进行出图了：通过相关的PromSQL得到各种数据指标，如node_load5。Prometheus上面比较适合做一些调试，不适合看监控指标，需要把结果放到Grafana上进行展示。

在Grafana上（http://10.47.97.47:3333）进行配置数据源。把Prometheus（http://10.47.97.47:9099）做为数据源添加进去。如：

根据实际情况设置好各个值，保存完成。 然后去官网找个模板导入：比如导入的ID是8919：

完成之后，可以看到相关的监控图标了。现在根据表达式自定义一个图：如定义一个CPU使用率：

1-avg(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{HOSTNAME=~"$hostname",mode=‘idle‘}[1m])) by (HOSTNAME)

HOSTNAME：node_cpu_seconds_total metrice里的一个label。

$hostname：在设置里设置的一个变量。最终展示图如：

关于更多的图可以自行定义，关于PromSQL可以见Prometheus PromQL说明