python PIL模块与随机生成中文验证码
在这之前,你首先得了解Python中的PIL库。PIL是Python Imaging Library的简称,PIL是一个Python处理图片的库,提供了一系列模块和方法,比如:裁切,平移,旋转,改变尺寸等等。在PIL库中,任何一个图像都是用Image对象来表示的,所以要加载一张图片,最简单的形式如下:
from PIL import Image image = Image.open("1.jpeg")
在PIL库中,最常用的模块有Image,ImageDraw,ImageEnhance,ImageFile等。
PIL的下载地址为:http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/
接下来学习PIL中一些常见的操作:
(1)改变图片大小
from PIL import Image image = Image.open("1.jpeg") new_img = image.resize((256,256),Image.BILINEAR) new_img.save("2.jpeg")
(2)旋转图片
from PIL import Image image = Image.open("1.jpeg") new_img = image.rotate(45) new_img.save("2.jpeg")
(3)直线绘制
PIL库中的ImageDraw模块提供了图形绘制的基本功能,可以绘制直线,弧线,椭圆,矩形等等。
from PIL import Image,ImageDraw image = Image.open("2.jpeg") draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image) width,height = image.size draw.line(((0,0),(width-1,height-1)),fill=255) draw.line(((0,height-1),(width-1,0)),fill=255) image.save("2.jpeg")
(4)绘制圆
from PIL import Image,ImageDraw image = Image.open("2.jpeg") draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image) width,height = image.size draw.arc((0,0,width-1,height-1),0,360,fill=255) image.save("2.jpeg")
更多方法可以参见帮助文档。
现在我们来研究利用Python如何生成中文验证码。其实这个问题简单,我们都知道验证码一般是用来防止网络机器
人采用无限次数的登录尝试破解密码,那么我们需要对这张图片随机生成中文字符来验证,一般来说会把图片的字表
现得很模糊,这样有效地防止机器人识别。所以我们除了要随机生成汉字,还要加入一些干扰线条等等。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from PIL import Image,ImageDraw,ImageFont import random import math, string class RandomChar(): @staticmethod def Unicode(): val = random.randint(0x4E00, 0x9FBF) return unichr(val) @staticmethod def GB2312(): head = random.randint(0xB0, 0xCF) body = random.randint(0xA, 0xF) tail = random.randint(0, 0xF) val = ( head << 8 ) | (body << 4) | tail str = "%x" % val return str.decode('hex').decode('gb2312') class ImageChar: def __init__(self, fontColor = (0, 0, 0), size = (100, 40), fontPath = 'SIMSUN.TTC', bgColor = (255, 255, 255), fontSize = 20): self.size = size self.fontPath = fontPath self.bgColor = bgColor self.fontSize = fontSize self.fontColor = fontColor self.font = ImageFont.truetype(self.fontPath, self.fontSize) self.image = Image.new('RGB', size, bgColor) def rotate(self): self.image.rotate(random.randint(0, 30), expand=0) def drawText(self, pos, txt, fill): draw = ImageDraw.Draw(self.image) draw.text(pos, txt, font=self.font, fill=fill) def randRGB(self): return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255)) def randPoint(self): (width, height) = self.size return (random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)) def randLine(self, num): draw = ImageDraw.Draw(self.image) for i in range(0, num): draw.line([self.randPoint(), self.randPoint()], self.randRGB()) def randChinese(self, num): gap = 5 start = 0 for i in range(0, num): char = RandomChar().GB2312() x = start + self.fontSize * i + random.randint(0, gap) + gap * i self.drawText((x, random.randint(-5, 5)), RandomChar().GB2312(), self.randRGB()) self.rotate() self.randLine(18) def save(self, path): self.image.save(path) ic = ImageChar(fontColor=(100,211, 90)) ic.randChinese(4) ic.save("1.jpeg")
运行结果:
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