PHP SPL标准库之接口(Interface)详解
PHP SPL标准库总共有6个接口,如下:
1.Countable
2.OuterIterator
3.RecursiveIterator
4.SeekableIterator
5.SplObserver
6.SplSubject
其中OuterIterator、RecursiveIterator、SeekableIterator都是继承Iterator类的,下面会对每种接口作用和使用进行详细说明。
Coutable接口:
实现Countable接口的对象可用于count()函数计数。
代码如下:
class Mycount implements Countable { public function count() { static $count = 0; $count++; return $count; } } $count = new Mycount(); $count->count(); $count->count(); echo count($count); //3 echo count($count); //4
说明:
调用count()函数时,Mycount::count()方法被调用
count()函数的第二个参数将不会产生影响
OuterIterator接口:
自定义或修改迭代过程。
代码如下:
//IteratorIterator是OuterIterator的一个实现类 class MyOuterIterator extends IteratorIterator { public function current() { return parent::current() . 'TEST'; } } foreach(new MyOuterIterator(new ArrayIterator(['b','a','c'])) as $key => $value) { echo "$key->$value".PHP_EOL; } /* 结果: 0->bTEST 1->aTEST 2->cTEST */
在实际运用中,OuterIterator极其有用:
代码如下:
$db = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test', 'root', 'mckee'); $db->query('set names utf8'); $pdoStatement = $db->query('SELECT * FROM test1', PDO::FETCH_ASSOC); $iterator = new IteratorIterator($pdoStatement); $tenRecordArray = iterator_to_array($iterator); print_r($tenRecordArray);
RecursiveIterator接口:
用于循环迭代多层结构的数据,RecursiveIterator另外提供了两个方法:
RecursiveIterator::getChildren 获取当前元素下子迭代器
RecursiveIterator::hasChildren 判断当前元素下是否有迭代器
代码如下:
class MyRecursiveIterator implements RecursiveIterator { private $_data; private $_position = 0; public function __construct(array $data) { $this->_data = $data; } public function valid() { return isset($this->_data[$this->_position]); } public function hasChildren() { return is_array($this->_data[$this->_position]); } public function next() { $this->_position++; } public function current() { return $this->_data[$this->_position]; } public function getChildren() { print_r($this->_data[$this->_position]); } public function rewind() { $this->_position = 0; } public function key() { return $this->_position; } } $arr = array(0, 1=> array(10, 20), 2, 3 => array(1, 2)); $mri = new MyRecursiveIterator($arr); foreach ($mri as $c => $v) { if ($mri->hasChildren()) { echo "$c has children: " .PHP_EOL; $mri->getChildren(); } else { echo "$v" .PHP_EOL; } } /* 结果: 0 1 has children: Array ( [0] => 10 [1] => 20 ) 2 3 has children: Array ( [0] => 1 [1] => 2 ) */
SeekableIterator接口:
通过seek()方法实现可搜索的迭代器,用于搜索某个位置下的元素。
代码如下:
class MySeekableIterator implements SeekableIterator { private $position = 0; private $array = array( "first element" , "second element" , "third element" , "fourth element" ); public function seek ( $position ) { if (!isset( $this -> array [ $position ])) { throw new OutOfBoundsException ( "invalid seek position ( $position )" ); } $this -> position = $position ; } public function rewind () { $this -> position = 0 ; } public function current () { return $this -> array [ $this -> position ]; } public function key () { return $this -> position ; } public function next () { ++ $this -> position ; } public function valid () { return isset( $this -> array [ $this -> position ]); } } try { $it = new MySeekableIterator ; echo $it -> current (), "\n" ; $it -> seek ( 2 ); echo $it -> current (), "\n" ; $it -> seek ( 1 ); echo $it -> current (), "\n" ; $it -> seek ( 10 ); } catch ( OutOfBoundsException $e ) { echo $e -> getMessage (); } /* 结果: first element third element second element invalid seek position ( 10 ) */
SplObserver和SplSubject接口:
SplObserver和SplSubject接口用来实现观察者设计模式,观察者设计模式是指当一个类的状态发生变化时,依赖它的对象都会收到通知并更新。使用场景非常广泛,比如说当一个事件发生后,需要更新多个逻辑操作,传统方式是在事件添加后编写逻辑,这种代码耦合并难以维护,观察者模式可实现低耦合的通知和更新机制。
看看SplObserver和SplSubject的接口结构:
代码如下:
//SplSubject结构 被观察的对象 interface SplSubject{ public function attach(SplObserver $observer); //添加观察者 public function detach(SplObserver $observer); //剔除观察者 public function notify(); //通知观察者 } //SplObserver结构 代表观察者 interface SplObserver{ public function update(SplSubject $subject); //更新操作 }
看下面一个实现观察者的例子:
代码如下:
class Subject implements SplSubject { private $observers = array(); public function attach(SplObserver $observer) { $this->observers[] = $observer; } public function detach(SplObserver $observer) { if($index = array_search($observer, $this->observers, true)) { unset($this->observers[$index]); } } public function notify() { foreach($this->observers as $observer) { $observer->update($this); } } } class Observer1 implements SplObserver { public function update(SplSubject $subject) { echo "逻辑1代码".PHP_EOL; } } class Observer2 implements SplObserver { public function update(SplSubject $subject) { echo "逻辑2代码".PHP_EOL; } } $subject = new Subject(); $subject->attach(new Observer1()); $subject->attach(new Observer2()); $subject->notify(); /* 结果: 逻辑1代码 逻辑2代码 */