Oracle优化-leading提示和ordered提示以及materialize提示
以下内容适用于Oracle 10.2.0.5及其以上版本
一个查询很慢,原始SQL如下:
select
a.*
from (select
ssi.ID,
'small_station_info' TB,
(select sbi.name
from scene_base_info sbi
where sbi.id = ssi.antenna_selection) as antenna_selection,
ssi.antenna_height,
ssi.down_angle,
ssi.azimuth_angle,
ssi.ITI_ID,
sa.longitude,
sa.latitude,
sa.attach_id
from consolidation_demand cd
left join demand_test_info dti
on cd.id = dti.cd_id
left join demand_plan_info dpi
on dti.id = dpi.tdl_id
left join building_plan_info bpi
on dpi.id = bpi.dpi_id
left join NEAR_FAR_PLACE_INFO nfpi
on bpi.id = nfpi.bpi_id
left join SMALL_STATION_INFO ssi
on nfpi.id = ssi.nfpi_id
left join site_attachment sa
on TO_NUMBER(sa.longitude) is not null
AND TO_NUMBER(sa.latitude) > 26.074423
AND TO_NUMBER(sa.latitude) < 26.077573
AND TO_NUMBER(sa.longitude) > 119.191148
AND TO_NUMBER(sa.longitude) < 119.197649
AND sa.attach_name =
substr(ssi.AZIMUTH_ANGLE_PHOTO,
instr(ssi.AZIMUTH_ANGLE_PHOTO, '/', -1) + 1,
length(ssi.AZIMUTH_ANGLE_PHOTO))) a
where a.longitude is not null
表都不大,执行计划如下:
已选择 12 行。
执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1917963167
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 253 | 519 (2)| 00:00:07 |
| 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | SCENE_BASE_INFO | 1 | 14 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 2 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | SCENE_BASE_INFO_PK | 1 | | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 3 | VIEW | | 1 | 253 | 519 (2)| 00:00:07 |
|* 4 | FILTER | | | | | |
|* 5 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 1 | 251 | 519 (2)| 00:00:07 |
|* 6 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 83 | 8134 | 505 (1)| 00:00:07 |
|* 7 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 83 | 7304 | 501 (1)| 00:00:07 |
|* 8 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 83 | 6391 | 493 (1)| 00:00:06 |
|* 9 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 83 | 5478 | 271 (1)| 00:00:04 |
| 10 | MERGE JOIN CARTESIAN | | 36 | 2052 | 21 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 11 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| SITE_ATTACHMENT | 1 | 53 | 16 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 12 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IDX_SITE_ATTACHMENT_JWD | 1 | | 15 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 13 | BUFFER SORT | | 6725 | 26900 | 5 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 14 | INDEX FAST FULL SCAN | PK_CONSOLIDATION_DEMAND | 6725 | 26900 | 5 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 15 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | DEMAND_TEST_INFO | 15459 | 135K| 249 (1)| 00:00:03 |
| 16 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | DEMAND_PLAN_INFO | 8787 | 96657 | 221 (1)| 00:00:03 |
| 17 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | BUILDING_PLAN_INFO | 3244 | 35684 | 8 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 18 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | NEAR_FAR_PLACE_INFO | 389 | 3890 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 19 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | SMALL_STATION_INFO | 594 | 90882 | 13 (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
- access("SBI"."ID"=:B1)
- filter("SA"."ATTACH_NAME"=SUBSTR("SSI"."AZIMUTH_ANGLE_PHOTO",INSTR("SSI"."AZIMUTH_ANGLE_PHOTO",'
/',-1)+1,LENGTH("SSI"."AZIMUTH_ANGLE_PHOTO")))
- access("NFPI"."ID"="SSI"."NFPI_ID"(+))
- access("BPI"."ID"="NFPI"."BPI_ID"(+))
- access("DPI"."ID"="BPI"."DPI_ID"(+))
- access("DTI"."ID"="DPI"."TDL_ID"(+))
- access("CD"."ID"="DTI"."CD_ID"(+))
- filter("SA"."LONGITUDE" IS NOT NULL)
- access(TO_NUMBER("LONGITUDE")>119.191148 AND TO_NUMBER("LATITUDE")>26.074423 AND
TO_NUMBER("LONGITUDE")<119.197649 AND TO_NUMBER("LATITUDE")<26.077573)
filter(TO_NUMBER("LONGITUDE") IS NOT NULL AND TO_NUMBER("LATITUDE")<26.077573 AND
TO_NUMBER("LATITUDE")>26.074423)
这个执行计划,看起来无比正常,应该要left join的都有。
但问题的关键在于10 步骤-- MERGE JOIN CARTESIAN。笛卡尔乘积的排序合并连接,这个需要耗费很长时间。
等待这个结果要耗费几十秒,甚至要更久!
如何解决这样的问题,有以下几个方法:
- 重新收集每个表的统计数据--这个没有实验过,但即使那么做,可能也无效。不过从本例看,很有可能是这个导致的。
- 启用leading提示,结合其它提示
- 使用materialize提示
使用leading提示
select /*+ no_merge(a) no_push_pred(a) */
a.*
from (select
/*+ leading(cd dti dpi bpi ssi) */
...) a
where a.longitude is not null
/
执行计划
已选择 12 行。
执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1844304918
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 253 | 520 (2)| 00:00:07 |
| 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | SCENE_BASE_INFO | 1 | 14 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 2 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | SCENE_BASE_INFO_PK | 1 | | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 3 | VIEW | | 1 | 253 | 520 (2)| 00:00:07 |
|* 4 | HASH JOIN | | 1 | 251 | 520 (2)| 00:00:07 |
|* 5 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| SITE_ATTACHMENT | 1 | 53 | 16 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 6 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IDX_SITE_ATTACHMENT_JWD | 1 | | 15 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 7 | HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER | | 23606 | 4564K| 503 (2)| 00:00:07 |
| 8 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | SMALL_STATION_INFO | 594 | 90882 | 13 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 9 | HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER | | 15459 | 679K| 490 (2)| 00:00:06 |
| 10 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | NEAR_FAR_PLACE_INFO | 389 | 3890 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 11 | HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER | | 15459 | 528K| 486 (2)| 00:00:06 |
| 12 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | BUILDING_PLAN_INFO | 3244 | 35684 | 8 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 13 | HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER | | 15459 | 362K| 477 (1)| 00:00:06 |
| 14 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | DEMAND_PLAN_INFO | 8787 | 96657 | 221 (1)| 00:00:03 |
|* 15 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 15459 | 196K| 255 (1)| 00:00:04 |
| 16 | INDEX FAST FULL SCAN | PK_CONSOLIDATION_DEMAND | 6725 | 26900 | 5 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 17 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | DEMAND_TEST_INFO | 15459 | 135K| 249 (1)| 00:00:03 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
- access("SBI"."ID"=:B1)
- access("SA"."ATTACH_NAME"=SUBSTR("SSI"."AZIMUTH_ANGLE_PHOTO",INSTR("SSI"."AZIMUTH_ANGLE_PH
OTO",'/',-1)+1,LENGTH("SSI"."AZIMUTH_ANGLE_PHOTO")))
- filter("SA"."LONGITUDE" IS NOT NULL)
- access(TO_NUMBER("LONGITUDE")>119.191148 AND TO_NUMBER("LATITUDE")>26.074423 AND
TO_NUMBER("LONGITUDE")<119.197649 AND TO_NUMBER("LATITUDE")<26.077573)
filter(TO_NUMBER("LONGITUDE") IS NOT NULL AND TO_NUMBER("LATITUDE")<26.077573 AND
TO_NUMBER("LATITUDE")>26.074423)
- access("NFPI"."ID"="SSI"."NFPI_ID"(+))
- access("BPI"."ID"="NFPI"."BPI_ID"(+))
- access("DPI"."ID"="BPI"."DPI_ID"(+))
- access("DTI"."ID"="DPI"."TDL_ID"(+))
- access("CD"."ID"="DTI"."CD_ID"(+))
没有笛卡尔的merge join .步骤4还是一个hash join 。
执行很快,大概可以0.17秒
使用materialize提示
1 WITH A AS 2 (select /*+MATERIALIZE */ 3 .....) 4 select a.* from A WHERE a.longitude is not null
执行计划
已选择 12 行。 执行计划 ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 3536941173 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 23606 | 5832K| 700 (2)| 00:00:09 | | 1 | TEMP TABLE TRANSFORMATION | | | | | | | 2 | LOAD AS SELECT | | | | | | |* 3 | HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER | | 23606 | 5786K| 520 (2)| 00:00:07 | | 4 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| SITE_ATTACHMENT | 1 | 53 | 16 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 5 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IDX_SITE_ATTACHMENT_JWD | 1 | | 15 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 6 | HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER | | 23606 | 4564K| 503 (2)| 00:00:07 | | 7 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | SMALL_STATION_INFO | 594 | 90882 | 13 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 8 | HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER | | 15459 | 679K| 490 (2)| 00:00:06 | | 9 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | NEAR_FAR_PLACE_INFO | 389 | 3890 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 10 | HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER | | 15459 | 528K| 486 (2)| 00:00:06 | | 11 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | BUILDING_PLAN_INFO | 3244 | 35684 | 8 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 12 | HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER | | 15459 | 362K| 477 (1)| 00:00:06 | | 13 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | DEMAND_PLAN_INFO | 8787 | 96657 | 221 (1)| 00:00:03 | |* 14 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 15459 | 196K| 255 (1)| 00:00:04 | | 15 | INDEX FAST FULL SCAN | PK_CONSOLIDATION_DEMAND | 6725 | 26900 | 5 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 16 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | DEMAND_TEST_INFO | 15459 | 135K| 249 (1)| 00:00:03 | |* 17 | VIEW | | 23606 | 5832K| 180 (2)| 00:00:03 | | 18 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | SYS_TEMP_0FD9D68A2_721EF047 | 23606 | 4103K| 180 (2)| 00:00:03 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 3 - access("SA"."ATTACH_NAME"(+)=SUBSTR("SSI"."AZIMUTH_ANGLE_PHOTO",INSTR("SSI"."AZIMUTH_ANGLE_PHOT O",'/',-1)+1,LENGTH("SSI"."AZIMUTH_ANGLE_PHOTO"))) 5 - access(TO_NUMBER("LONGITUDE"(+))>119.191148 AND TO_NUMBER("LATITUDE"(+))>26.074423 AND TO_NUMBER("LONGITUDE"(+))<119.197649 AND TO_NUMBER("LATITUDE"(+))<26.077573) filter(TO_NUMBER("LONGITUDE"(+)) IS NOT NULL AND TO_NUMBER("LATITUDE"(+))<26.077573 AND TO_NUMBER("LATITUDE"(+))>26.074423) 6 - access("NFPI"."ID"="SSI"."NFPI_ID"(+)) 8 - access("BPI"."ID"="NFPI"."BPI_ID"(+)) 10 - access("DPI"."ID"="BPI"."DPI_ID"(+)) 12 - access("DTI"."ID"="DPI"."TDL_ID"(+)) 14 - access("CD"."ID"="DTI"."CD_ID"(+)) 17 - filter("A"."LONGITUDE" IS NOT NULL)
也很快,大约0.19~0.2左右。
之所以慢,主要是因为要先生成gt表 SYS_TEMP_0FD9D68A2_721EF047。
总结
1.最好先收集统计数据
2.在收集统计数据无效的情况下,考虑使用leading提示,其次materialize提示也会破坏oracle优化器一些自以为明智的计划(优化器的不足,oracle已经提到了,这就是hint的由来)
3.dba要优化一个库,不是一个很容易的事情,需要做很多工作。