python——多进程
进程:
一个程序运行起来之后,代码+用到的资源称之为进程,它是操作系统分配资源的基本单位。不仅可以通过线程完成多任务,进程也是可以的。
调用:import multiprocessing
- python的多进程是真真正正的利用了cpu的多核
- 进程之间是相互独立的
- 不共享、互不干涉,进程间有隔离性
- 耗费的资源大,效率高
- cpu密集的时候适合用多进程
进程的几种用法:
1、没有参数
不能直接启动,需要加‘__name__ ==‘ __main__‘ ’
真真正正的利用了cpu的多核
eg: import multiprocessing import time def test1(): for i in range(5): time.sleep(1) print(‘test1~{}‘.format(i)) def test2(): for i in range(5): print(‘test2~{}‘.format(i)) time.sleep(1) if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: p1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=test1) p2 = multiprocessing.Process(target=test2) p1.start() p2.start() 结果: test2~0 test1~0 test2~1 test1~1 test2~2 test1~2 test2~3 test1~3 test2~4 test1~4
2、有参数时
import multiprocessing import time def test1(n): for i in range(n): time.sleep(1) print(‘test1~{}‘.format(i)) def test2(n): for i in range(n): print(‘test2~{}‘.format(i)) time.sleep(1) if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: p1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=test1,args=(5,)) p2 = multiprocessing.Process(target=test2,args=(4,)) p1.start() p2.start() 结果: test2~0 test1~0 test2~1 test1~1 test2~2 test1~2 test2~3 test1~3 test1~4
3、进程池
库的导入方法
1、from multiprocessing import Pool(调用方法:pool)
2、import multiprocessing.pool(调用方法:multiprocessing.pool)
XXX=Pool(NUM) :NUM代表调用的数量,调用几个就运行几个
一定是先关闭,后运行 pool.close() pool.join()
eg: import multiprocessing from multiprocessing import Pool import time def test1(): for i in range(4): time.sleep(1) print(‘test1~{}‘.format(i)) def test2(): for i in range(4): time.sleep(1) print(‘test2~{}‘.format(i)) def test3(): for i in range(4): time.sleep(1) print(‘test3~{}‘.format(i)) def test4(): for i in range(4): time.sleep(1) print(‘test4~{}‘.format(i)) if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: pool = Pool(2) #Pool(NUM)调用的数量,调用几个就运行几个 pool.apply_async(test1) pool.apply_async(test2) pool.apply_async(test3) pool.apply_async(test4) pool.close() #一定是先关闭,后运行 pool.join() 结果: 1、 (pool = Pool(2)) test1~0 test2~0 … test1~3 test2~3 test3~0 test4~0 … 2、 pool = Pool(4) test1~0 test4~0 test2~0 test3~0
4、不共享、互不干涉,进程间有隔离性
import multiprocessing import time n = 0 def test1(): global n for i in range(10): n += 1 print(‘test1:‘,n) def test2(): global n for i in range(10): n += 1 print(‘test2:‘, n) if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: p1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=test1) p2 = multiprocessing.Process(target=test2) p1.start() p2.start() print(‘全局:‘,n) 结果: 全局: 0 test1: 10 test2: 10
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