Spring JDBC Framework详解——批量JDBC操作、ORM映射
作者:niumd,转载请注明出处,谢谢
发表时间:2010 年 03 月 17 日
一、Spring JDBC 概述
Spring 提供了一个强有力的模板类JdbcTemplate简化JDBC操作,DataSource,JdbcTemplate都可以以Bean的方式定义在想xml配置文件,JdbcTemplate创建只需注入一个DataSource,应用程序Dao层只需要继承JdbcDaoSupport, 或者注入JdbcTemplate,便可以获取JdbcTemplate,JdbcTemplate是一个线程安全的类,多个Dao可以注入一个JdbcTemplate;
public class JdbcCustomerDao extends JdbcDaoSupport implements CustomerDao { } public class JdbcCustomerDao implements CustomerDao { private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate public void setJdbcTemplate()JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate{ this.jdbcTemplate=jdbcTemplate } }
public class JdbcCustomerDao extends JdbcDaoSupport implements CustomerDao { } public class JdbcCustomerDao implements CustomerDao { private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate public void setJdbcTemplate()JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate{ this.jdbcTemplate=jdbcTemplate } }
二、 JdbcTemplate 提供以下主要方法简化JDBC操作:
2.1、List query(String sql,Ojbect[] args,RowMapper rowMapper)
说明:常用的查询,sql待执行的sql语句,args是sql语句的参数,rowMapper负责将每一行记录转化为java对象存放在list,并最终返回,例如:
public List<Book> queryByAuthor(String author) { String sql = "select * from book where author=?"; Collection c = getJdoTemplate().find(sql, new Object[] { author },new BookRowMapper()); List<Book> books = new ArrayList<Book>(); books.addAll(c); return books; } class BookRowMapper implements RowMapper{ public Object mapRow(ResultSet res, int index) throws SQLException { Book book = new Book(); book.setId(rs.getInt("id")); //省略set return book; } }
public List<Book> queryByAuthor(String author) { String sql = "select * from book where author=?"; Collection c = getJdoTemplate().find(sql, new Object[] { author },new BookRowMapper()); List<Book> books = new ArrayList<Book>(); books.addAll(c); return books; } class BookRowMapper implements RowMapper{ public Object mapRow(ResultSet res, int index) throws SQLException { Book book = new Book(); book.setId(rs.getInt("id")); //省略set return book; } }
更新、删除、其他查询操作类似,举例如下,详细细节请参考spring api:
//返回值为一个长整形 public long getAverageAge() { return getJdbcTemplate().queryForLong("SELECT AVG(age) FROM employee"); } //返回一个整数 public int getTotalNumberOfEmployees() { return getJdbcTemplate().queryForInt("SELECT COUNT(0) FROM employees"); } //更新操作 this.jdbcTemplate.update( "insert into t_actor (first_name, surname) values (?, ?)", new Object[] {"Leonor", "Watling"});
//返回值为一个长整形 public long getAverageAge() { return getJdbcTemplate().queryForLong("SELECT AVG(age) FROM employee"); } //返回一个整数 public int getTotalNumberOfEmployees() { return getJdbcTemplate().queryForInt("SELECT COUNT(0) FROM employees"); } //更新操作 this.jdbcTemplate.update( "insert into t_actor (first_name, surname) values (?, ?)", new Object[] {"Leonor", "Watling"});
2.2、spring 2.5新功能,另类的jdbc ORM:BeanPropertyRowMapper
上面我们检索时必须实现RowMapper,将结果集转化为java对象。Spring2.5 简化了这一操作,使得我们不必再实现RowMapper,实现此功能的俩个神奇东东便是:ParameterizedRowMapper,ParameterizedBeanPropertyRowMapper,貌似通过java反射机制实现了将resultset字段映射到java对象,但是数据表的列必须和java对象的属性对应,没有研究源码,有点类似于apache 的BeanUtil,不知为何这部分在spring开发参考手册没有,难道不是经典。
//使用ParameterizedBeanPropertyRowMapper @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"}) public List<Customer> getAll() { return getJdbcTemplate().query("select * from t_customer", ParameterizedBeanPropertyRowMapper.newInstance(Customer.class)); } //使用BeanPropertyRowMapper @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"}) public List<Customer> getAll() { return getJdbcTemplate().query("select * from t_customer", new BeanPropertyRowMapper(Customer.class)); }
//使用ParameterizedBeanPropertyRowMapper @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"}) public List<Customer> getAll() { return getJdbcTemplate().query("select * from t_customer", ParameterizedBeanPropertyRowMapper.newInstance(Customer.class)); } //使用BeanPropertyRowMapper @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"}) public List<Customer> getAll() { return getJdbcTemplate().query("select * from t_customer", new BeanPropertyRowMapper(Customer.class)); }
注意:ParameterizedBeanPropertyRowMapper是BeanPropertyRowMapper子类。另外表的字段名称必须和实体类的成员变量名称一致;
2.3、spring之JDBC批量操作
jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(final String[] sql) ,API解释:Issue multiple SQL updates on a single JDBC Statement using batching,翻译过来大致为:解决多个sql的插入、更新、删除操作在一个Statement中。性能一般。
jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(String sql, final BatchPreparedStatementSetter pss),类似于JDBC的PreparedStatement,性能较上着有所提高。
我们举例说明如何使用,示例如下:
final int count = 2000; final List<String> firstNames = new ArrayList<String>(count); final List<String> lastNames = new ArrayList<String>(count); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { firstNames.add("First Name " + i); lastNames.add("Last Name " + i); } jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate( "insert into customer (id, first_name, last_name, last_login, comments) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)", new BatchPreparedStatementSetter() { //为prepared statement设置参数。这个方法将在整个过程中被调用的次数 public void setValues(PreparedStatement ps, int i) throws SQLException { ps.setLong(1, i + 10); ps.setString(2, firstNames.get(i)); ps.setString(3, lastNames.get(i)); ps.setNull(4, Types.TIMESTAMP); ps.setNull(5, Types.CLOB); } //返回更新的结果集条数 public int getBatchSize() { return count; } }); }
final int count = 2000; final List<String> firstNames = new ArrayList<String>(count); final List<String> lastNames = new ArrayList<String>(count); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { firstNames.add("First Name " + i); lastNames.add("Last Name " + i); } jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate( "insert into customer (id, first_name, last_name, last_login, comments) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)", new BatchPreparedStatementSetter() { //为prepared statement设置参数。这个方法将在整个过程中被调用的次数 public void setValues(PreparedStatement ps, int i) throws SQLException { ps.setLong(1, i + 10); ps.setString(2, firstNames.get(i)); ps.setString(3, lastNames.get(i)); ps.setNull(4, Types.TIMESTAMP); ps.setNull(5, Types.CLOB); } //返回更新的结果集条数 public int getBatchSize() { return count; } }); }
BatchSqlUpdate类是SqlUpdate 的子类,适用于插入、删除、更新批量操作,内部使用PreparedStatement,所以效率很高,批量语句达到设定的batchSize,或者手动调用flush才会执行批量操作。注意:此类是非线程安全的,必须为每个使用者创建一个实例,或者在同一个线程中使用前调用reset。
下面我们举例说明如何使用BatchSqlUpdate,来执行批量操作。示例如下:
class BatchInsert extends BatchSqlUpdate { private static final String SQL = "insert into t_customer (id, first_name, last_name, last_login, " + "comments) values (?, ?, ?, ?, null)"; BatchInsert(DataSource dataSource) { super(dataSource, SQL); declareParameter(new SqlParameter(Types.INTEGER)); declareParameter(new SqlParameter(Types.VARCHAR)); declareParameter(new SqlParameter(Types.VARCHAR)); declareParameter(new SqlParameter(Types.TIMESTAMP)); setBatchSize(10); } }
class BatchInsert extends BatchSqlUpdate { private static final String SQL = "insert into t_customer (id, first_name, last_name, last_login, " + "comments) values (?, ?, ?, ?, null)"; BatchInsert(DataSource dataSource) { super(dataSource, SQL); declareParameter(new SqlParameter(Types.INTEGER)); declareParameter(new SqlParameter(Types.VARCHAR)); declareParameter(new SqlParameter(Types.VARCHAR)); declareParameter(new SqlParameter(Types.TIMESTAMP)); setBatchSize(10); } }
int count = 5000; for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { batchInsert.update(new Object[] { i + 100L, "a" + i, "b" + i, null }); }
int count = 5000; for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { batchInsert.update(new Object[] { i + 100L, "a" + i, "b" + i, null }); }
至此,spring JDBC主要的应用基本上都简单罗列一番,所有代码均为文章举例,不是很严谨,仅为演示每一种用法,抛砖引玉,希望有独特见解的拍砖,有问题的请指明问题所在,谢谢