Android广播事件机制及应用(实现简单的定时提醒功能)
涉及的主要内容:1)AlarmManager和PendingIntent2)BroadReceiver3)NotificationandNotificationManager
1.Android广播事件机制
Android的广播事件处理类似于普通的事件处理。不同之处在于,后者是靠点击按钮这样的组件行为来触发,而前者是通过构建Intent对象,使用sentBroadcast()方法来发起一个系统级别的事件广播来传递信息。广播事件的接收是通过定义一个继承BroadcastReceiver的类实现的,继承该类后覆盖其onReceive()方法,在该方法中响应事件。Android系统中定义了很多标准的BroadcastAction来响应系统广播事件。例如:ACTION_TIME_CHANGED(时间改变时触发)。但是,我们也可以自己定义BroadcastReceiver接收广播事件。
2.实现简单的定时提醒功能
主要包括三部分部分:
1)定时-通过定义Activity发出广播
2)接收广播-通过实现BroadcastReceiver接收广播
3)提醒-并通过Notification提醒用户
现在我们来具体实现这三部分:
2.1如何定时,从而发出广播呢?
现在的手机都有闹钟的功能,我们可以利用系统提供的闹钟功能,来定时,即发出广播。具体地,在Android开发中可以用AlarmManager来实现。
AlarmManager提供了一种系统级的提示服务,允许你安排在某个时间执行某一个服务。
AlarmManager的使用步骤说明如下:
1)获得AlarmManager实例:AlarmManager对象一般不直接实例化,而是通过Context.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVIECE)方法获得
2)定义一个PendingIntent来发出广播。
3)调用AlarmManager的相关方法,设置定时、重复提醒等功能。
详细代码如下(ReminderSetting.java):
package com.Reminder; import java.util.Calendar; import android.app.Activity; import android.app.AlarmManager; import android.app.PendingIntent; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; /** * trigger the Broadcast event and set the alarm */ public class ReminderSetting extends Activity { Button btnEnable; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); /* create a button. When you click the button, the alarm clock is enabled */ btnEnable=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnEnable); btnEnable.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { setReminder(true); } }); } /** * Set the alarm * * @param b whether enable the Alarm clock or not */ private void setReminder(boolean b) { // get the AlarmManager instance AlarmManager am= (AlarmManager) getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE); // create a PendingIntent that will perform a broadcast PendingIntent pi= PendingIntent.getBroadcast(ReminderSetting.this, 0, new Intent(this,MyReceiver.class), 0); if(b){ // just use current time as the Alarm time. Calendar c=Calendar.getInstance(); // schedule an alarm am.set(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, c.getTimeInMillis(), pi); } else{ // cancel current alarm am.cancel(pi); } } }
2.2接收广播
新建一个class继承BroadcastReceiver,并实现onReceive()方法。当BroadcastReceiver接收到广播后,就会去执行OnReceive()方法。所以,我们在OnReceive()方法中加上代码,当接收到广播后就跳到显示提醒信息的Activity。具体代码如下(MyReceiver.java):
package com.Reminder; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; /** * Receive the broadcast and start the activity that will show the alarm */ public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { /** * called when the BroadcastReceiver is receiving an Intent broadcast. */ @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { /* start another activity - MyAlarm to display the alarm */ intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); intent.setClass(context, MyAlarm.class); context.startActivity(intent); } }
注意:创建完BroadcastReceiver后,需要在AndroidManifest.xml中注册:
<receiverandroid:name=".MyReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<actionandroid:name="com.Reminder.MyReceiver"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
2.3提醒功能
新建一个Activity,我们在这个Activity中通过Android的Notification对象来提醒用户。我们将添加提示音,一个TextView来显示提示内容和并一个button来取消提醒。
其中,创建Notification主要包括:
1)获得系统级得服务NotificationManager,通过Context.getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE)获得。
2)实例化Notification对象,并设置各种我们需要的属性,比如:设置声音。
3)调用NotificationManager的notify()方法显示Notification
详细代码如下:MyAlarm.java
package com.Reminder; import android.app.Activity; import android.app.Notification; import android.app.NotificationManager; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Bundle; import android.provider.MediaStore.Audio; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView; /** * Display the alarm information */ public class MyAlarm extends Activity { /** * An identifier for this notification unique within your application */ public static final int NOTIFICATION_ID=1; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.my_alarm); // create the instance of NotificationManager final NotificationManager nm=(NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE); // create the instance of Notification Notification n=new Notification(); /* set the sound of the alarm. There are two way of setting the sound */ // n.sound=Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/alarm.mp3"); n.sound=Uri.withAppendedPath(Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "20"); // Post a notification to be shown in the status bar nm.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, n); /* display some information */ TextView tv=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.tvNotification); tv.setText("Hello, it's time to bla bla..."); /* the button by which you can cancel the alarm */ Button btnCancel=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnCancel); btnCancel.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View arg0) { nm.cancel(NOTIFICATION_ID); finish(); } }); } }
注:关于提示音设置(Notification.sound),可以参考:http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html中的相关部分。