运行多个步骤

管道由多个步骤组成，允许你构建、测试和部署应用程序，Jenkins管道允许你以简单的方式组成多个步骤，可以帮助你为任何类型的自动化过程建模。

将“步骤”想象成执行单个操作的单个命令，当一个步骤成功时，它将进入下一步，当一个步骤无法正确执行时，管道将失败。

当管道中的所有步骤都已成功完成时，将认为管道已成功执行。

Linux、BSD和Mac OS

在Linux、BSD和Mac OS（类Unix）系统上，sh步骤用于在管道中执行shell命令。

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                sh 'echo "Hello World"'
                sh '''
                    echo "Multiline shell steps works too"
                    ls -lah
                '''
            }
        }
    }
}

脚本管道（高级）：

Jenkinsfile (Scripted Pipeline)
node {
    stage('Build') {
        sh 'echo "Hello World"'
        sh '''
            echo "Multiline shell steps works too"
            ls -lah
        '''
    }
}

Windows

基于Windows的系统应使用bat步骤来执行批处理命令。

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                bat 'set'
            }
        }
    }
}

脚本管道（高级）：

Jenkinsfile (Scripted Pipeline)
node {
    stage('Build') {
        bat 'set'
    }
}

超时、重试等等

有一些强大的步骤可以“包装”其他步骤，这些步骤可以轻松解决问题，例如重试（retry）步骤直到成功或退出（如果步骤花费太长时间（timeout））。

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        stage('Deploy') {
            steps {
                retry(3) {
                    sh './flakey-deploy.sh'
                }

                timeout(time: 3, unit: 'MINUTES') {
                    sh './health-check.sh'
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

脚本管道（高级）：

Jenkinsfile (Scripted Pipeline)
node {
    stage('Deploy') {
        retry(3) {
            sh './flakey-deploy.sh'
        }

        timeout(time: 3, unit: 'MINUTES') {
            sh './health-check.sh'
        }
    }
}

“Deploy”阶段重试flakey-deploy.sh脚本3次，然后等待最多3分钟对于执行health-check.sh脚本，如果运行状况检查脚本在3分钟内未完成，则管道将在“Deploy”阶段标记为已失败。

“包装”步骤（如timeout和retry）可能包含其他步骤，包括timeout或retry。

我们可以将这些步骤组合在一起，例如，如果我们想要重试我们的部署5次，但在阶段失败之前永远不想花费超过3分钟：

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        stage('Deploy') {
            steps {
                timeout(time: 3, unit: 'MINUTES') {
                    retry(5) {
                        sh './flakey-deploy.sh'
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

脚本管道（高级）：

Jenkinsfile (Scripted Pipeline)
node {
    stage('Deploy') {
        timeout(time: 3, unit: 'MINUTES') {
            retry(5) {
                sh './flakey-deploy.sh'
            }
        }
    }
}

完成

管道执行完成后，你可能需要运行清理步骤或根据管道的结果执行某些操作，这些操作可以在post部分中执行。

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        stage('Test') {
            steps {
                sh 'echo "Fail!"; exit 1'
            }
        }
    }
    post {
        always {
            echo 'This will always run'
        }
        success {
            echo 'This will run only if successful'
        }
        failure {
            echo 'This will run only if failed'
        }
        unstable {
            echo 'This will run only if the run was marked as unstable'
        }
        changed {
            echo 'This will run only if the state of the Pipeline has changed'
            echo 'For example, if the Pipeline was previously failing but is now successful'
        }
    }
}

脚本管道（高级）：

Jenkinsfile (Scripted Pipeline)
node {
    try {
        stage('Test') {
            sh 'echo "Fail!"; exit 1'
        }
        echo 'This will run only if successful'
    } catch (e) {
        echo 'This will run only if failed'

        // Since we're catching the exception in order to report on it,
        // we need to re-throw it, to ensure that the build is marked as failed
        throw e
    } finally {
        def currentResult = currentBuild.result ?: 'SUCCESS'
        if (currentResult == 'UNSTABLE') {
            echo 'This will run only if the run was marked as unstable'
        }

        def previousResult = currentBuild.previousBuild?.result
        if (previousResult != null && previousResult != currentResult) {
            echo 'This will run only if the state of the Pipeline has changed'
            echo 'For example, if the Pipeline was previously failing but is now successful'
        }

        echo 'This will always run'
    }
}

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