Google Dart编程语法和基本类型学习教程
1. 变量声明
如何定义变量
代码如下:
var name = 'Bob';
变量的初始值
代码如下:
int lineCount; assert(lineCount == null); // Variables (even numbers) are initially null.
可以使用var,也可以直接指定类型。
final, 定义为final的变量,值不能够被更改
代码如下:
final name = 'Bob'; // Or: final String name = 'Bob'; name = 'Alice'; // ERROR
2. 基础类型
字符串
字符串可以使用单引号或者双引号。
代码如下:
var s1 = 'Single quotes work well for string literals.'; var s2 = "Double quotes work just as well.";
在字符串中,可以直接应用值, ${表达式}, 如果只是一个变量,就可以去掉{}
代码如下:
var s = 'string interpolation'; assert('Dart has $s, which is very handy.' == 'Dart has string interpolation, which is very handy.'); assert('That deserves all caps. ${s.toUpperCase()} is very handy!' == 'That deserves all caps. STRING INTERPOLATION is very handy!');
多行字符串,会被认为默认拼接。
代码如下:
var s = 'String ''concatenation' " works even over line breaks."; assert(s == 'String concatenation works even over line breaks.');
如果要使用多行字符串,可以这样, 用'''
代码如下:
var s1 = ''' You can create multi-line strings like this one. ''';
创建一个不考虑转义的字符串
代码如下:
var s = @"In a raw string, even \n isn't special.";
StringBuffer, 非常类似.net中的。
代码如下:
var sb = new StringBuffer(); sb.add("Use a StringBuffer "); sb.addAll(["for ", "efficient ", "string ", "creation "]); sb.add("if you are ").add("building lots of strings."); var fullString = sb.toString();
数字
主要就2种,int 和 double, 它们都继承num类型
数字和字符串之间的转换
代码如下:
// String -> int var one = Math.parseInt("1"); assert(one == 1); // String -> double var onePointOne = Math.parseDouble("1.1"); assert(onePointOne == 1.1); // int -> String var oneAsString = 1.toString(); assert(oneAsString == "1"); // double -> String var piAsString = 3.14159.toStringAsFixed(2); assert(piAsString == "3.14");
布尔类型
bool,不同于js, 只要不是true, 那么就都是false.
Lists(可以当做数组)
代码如下:
var list = [1,2,3]; //实例化一个list list.add(4); //添加一个元素4
可以使用for, for...in, foreach()来遍历一个list.
代码如下:
var list = [1,2,3]; for (final x in list) { print(x); }
或者
代码如下:
var list = [1,2,3]; list.forEach((element) => print(element));
Maps(字典类型)
代码如下:
var gifts = { // A map literal // Keys Values "first" : "partridge", "second" : "turtledoves", "fifth" : "golden rings"}; gifts["third"] = "apple"; //添加一个
使用foreach遍历
代码如下:
var gifts = { "first" : "partridge", "second": "turtledoves", "fifth" : "golden rings"}; gifts.forEach((k,v) => print('$k : $v'));
getKeys()和getValues()方法
代码如下:
var gifts = {"first": "partridge", "second": "turtledoves"}; var values = gifts.getValues(); //Print partridge and turtledoves, but not necessarily in that order. values.forEach((v) => print(v));
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