Android Fragment讲解

Fragment是依赖于Activity存在的,Fragment也有自己的生命周期,首先来看下Fragment的生命周期:
Android Fragment讲解
这是官网的图,可以看到Fragment比activity多了几个生命周期函数:
public void onAttach(Context context),当Fragment与Activity发生关联时调用
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState)
创建fragment的视图
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) 当Activity的onCreate方法返回时调用
public void onDestroyView() 当fragment的视图被销毁时调用
public void onDetach() 当fragment于Activity失去关联时调用
生命周期就说到这里,下面看下静态的fragment怎么用:

package com.fq.myapplication;


import Android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2016/9/30.
 */
public class MyFragment extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.myfragment_layout,container,false);
    }
}

先定义一个MyFragment ,看下布局文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    >
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:text="MyFragment1"
        android:textSize="20dp"
        android:gravity="center"/>
    <EditText
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp" />
    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:textSize="20dp"
        android:text="next"/>
</LinearLayout>

然后是Activity的布局:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin">

  <fragment
      android:id="@+id/fragment"
      android:name="com.fq.myapplication.MyFragment"
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"></fragment>
</RelativeLayout>

直接静态写在Activity的布局文件中即可,注意要写id和name,否则会有问题,效果图如下:
Android Fragment讲解
接下来看下动态Fragment怎么玩,直接看代码:

MyFragment fragment1 = new MyFragment();
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fm.beginTransaction();
fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.content, fragment1);
fragmentTransaction.commit();

getFragmentManager获取到一个FragmentManager ,然后FragmentManager 调用beginTransaction开启一个事务,保证原子操作,然后add,最后commit提交事物,除了add,还有其他几个方法,这里说明下:
fragmentTransaction.add 往activity中添加一个fragment
fragmentTransaction.remove 销毁一个fragment
fragmentTransaction.replace 替换一个fragment,也就是先后执行remove和add操作
fragmentTransaction.hide 隐藏一个fragment,如果跳转到另外一个fragment后,不希望当前的fragment被remove,那么hide是绝佳选择
fragmentTransaction.show,显示一个fragment,接下来我们在fragment1 里的按钮点击next的时候再新建一个fragment:

MyFragment2 fragment2 = new MyFragment2();
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fm.beginTransaction();
fragmentTransaction.hide(MyFragment.this);
fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.content,fragment2);
fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);
fragmentTransaction.commit();

注意这句fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);,加入回退栈的意思,如果希望在点返回按钮的时候,能够类似activity一样,返回到刚才的fragment,那么就需要加入回退栈,否则点击返回键,无法回到上一个fragment,而是全部销毁了。

好,接下来说一个当年面试被问到的问题,当我们旋转屏幕的时候,activity的生命周期重新执行,那么fragment的生命周期也重新执行,比如现在在fragment2的界面,旋转屏幕后,发现fragment1也出现了,怎么解决这个问题呢,其实很简单,在屏幕旋转的时候或者资源不够被杀的时候,Activity中的protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)函数里savedInstanceState会保存一些值,也就是不为null,所以解决这个问题的办法,加入savedInstanceState为null判断即可,如下:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        if(savedInstanceState == null) {
            MyFragment fragment1 = new MyFragment();
            FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
            FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fm.beginTransaction();
            fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.content, fragment1);
            fragmentTransaction.commit();
        }
    }
}

接下来讲下Activity向fragment数据传递,在activity里获取到fragment,然后调用fragment的setArguments方法进行传递,参数是Bundle,然后在Fragment通过getArguments获取到刚才的Bundle,就可以得到传递的值了。

FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
MyFragment2 myFragment2 = new MyFragment2();
String argument = getIntent().getStringExtra(MyFragment.ARGUMENT);
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString(MyFragment.ARGUMENT,argument);
myFragment2.setArguments(bundle);
fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.content2,myFragment2);
fragmentTransaction.commit();
Bundle bundle = getArguments();
        if(bundle != null){
            mArgument = bundle.getString(MyFragment.ARGUMENT);
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            intent.putExtra(MyFragment.RESPONSE,"From OhterActivity");
            getActivity().setResult(MyFragment.REQUEST,intent);
        }

这两段代码只关注我刚才说的点即可,其余代码是用在另外一个场景,现在就说:
Fragment中可以类似activity一样调用startActivityForResult来启动另外一个Activity,并且有自己的onActivityResult函数,但是没有setResult函数,其实也很好解决,用Activity的setResult即可,在Fragment中可以调用getActivity()得到当前的Activity,下面是这样一个场景,在Fragment调用startActivityForResult启动一个OtherActivity,然后在OtherActivity里还有一个Fragment2,在Fragment2里调用OtherActivity.setResult返回,最后fragment1中的回调onActivityResult执行,下面贴出关键代码:

mButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(getActivity(),OtherActivity.class);
                intent.putExtra(ARGUMENT,"from MainActivity");
                startActivityForResult(intent,REQUEST);
            }
        });

在第一个Fragment中startActivityForResult启动OtherActivity:

public class OtherActivity extends Activity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);
        if(savedInstanceState == null){
            FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
            FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
            MyFragment2 myFragment2 = new MyFragment2();
            String argument = getIntent().getStringExtra(MyFragment.ARGUMENT);
            Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
            bundle.putString(MyFragment.ARGUMENT,argument);
            myFragment2.setArguments(bundle);
            fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.content2,myFragment2);
            fragmentTransaction.commit();
        }
    }
}

在OtherActivity 中把得到的数据传递给MyFragment2 ,下面看MyFragment2的onCreate函数

@Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        Log.e(TAG,"MyFragment2   onCreate");
        Bundle bundle = getArguments();
        if(bundle != null){
            mArgument = bundle.getString(MyFragment.ARGUMENT);
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            intent.putExtra(MyFragment.RESPONSE,"From OhterActivity");
            getActivity().setResult(MyFragment.REQUEST,intent);
        }
    }

调用getArguments得到传递的数据,然后getActivity().setResult返回,最后看下第一个fragment的onActivityResult:

@Override
    public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        Log.e(TAG,"MyFragment1  onActivityResult");
        Log.e(TAG,"requestCode = " + requestCode);
        if(requestCode == REQUEST){
            mTextView.setText(data.getStringExtra(RESPONSE));
        }
    }

完整过程结束。
下面说另外一个问题,刚才是启动另外一个Activity,然后再跟另外一个Activity中的fragment进行数据传递,如果是一个Activity呢,fragment中用setTargetFragment和getTargetFragment进行数据传递,下面看例子代码:

mButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                MyFragment2 fragment2 = new MyFragment2();

                FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
                FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fm.beginTransaction();
                fragment2.setTargetFragment(MyFragment.this,REQUEST);
                fragmentTransaction.hide(MyFragment.this);
                fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.content,fragment2);
                fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);
                fragmentTransaction.commit();

            }
        });
        return view;

我们看到这里多了一句fragment2.setTargetFragment(MyFragment.this,REQUEST);,然后看fragment2中的代码:

public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        Log.e(TAG,"MyFragment2  onCreateView");
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.myfragment_layout2,container,false);
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        intent.putExtra(MyFragment.RESPONSE,"fragment回传参数");
        getTargetFragment().onActivityResult(MyFragment.REQUEST, Activity.RESULT_OK,intent);
        return view;
    }

getTargetFragment得到刚才setTargetFragment的fragment,然后调用了fragment的onActivityResult方法进行数据回传。
好了, Fragment就分析到这里,写的比较仓促,如有问题,欢迎指正,谢谢。

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