AngularJS 自定义指令详解及示例代码

forthemyth

2016-08-17

自定义指令中使用AngularJS扩展HTML的功能。自定义指令使用的“指令”的功能定义。自定义指令只是替换了它被激活的元素。引导过程中AngularJS应用程序找到了匹配的元素，并做好使用自定义指令compile()方法一次活动再处理使用基于指令的范围自定义指令link()方法的元素。 AngularJS提供支持，以下列元素的类型来创建自定义指令。

Element directives - 指令遇到时激活一个匹配的元素。

Attribute - - 指令遇到时激活一个匹配的属性。

CSS - - 指令遇到时激活匹配CSS样式。

Comment - - 指令遇到时激活匹配的注释。

了解自定义指令

定义自定义的HTML标签。

定义自定义指令来处理上面的自定义HTML标签。

var mainApp = angular.module("mainApp", []);

//Create a directive, first parameter is the html element to be attached.	 
//We are attaching student html tag. 
//This directive will be activated as soon as any student element is encountered in html
mainApp.directive('student', function() {
 //define the directive object
 var directive = {};
 //restrict = E, signifies that directive is Element directive
 directive.restrict = 'E';
 //template replaces the complete element with its text. 
 directive.template = "Student: <b>{{student.name}}</b> , Roll No: <b>{{student.rollno}}</b>";
 //scope is used to distinguish each student element based on criteria.
 directive.scope = {
  student : "=name"
 }
 //compile is called during application initialization. AngularJS calls it once when html page is loaded.
 directive.compile = function(element, attributes) {
  element.css("border", "1px solid #cccccc");
	 //linkFunction is linked with each element with scope to get the element specific data.
  var linkFunction = function($scope, element, attributes) {
   element.html("Student: <b>"+$scope.student.name +"</b> , Roll No: <b>"+$scope.student.rollno+"</b><br/>");
   element.css("background-color", "#ff00ff");
  }
  return linkFunction;
 }
 return directive;
});

定义控制器以更新范围为指令。在这里，我们使用name属性值作为子的作用域。

mainApp.controller('StudentController', function($scope) {
  $scope.Mahesh = {};
  $scope.Mahesh.name = "Mahesh Parashar";
  $scope.Mahesh.rollno = 1;

  $scope.Piyush = {};
  $scope.Piyush.name = "Piyush Parashar";
  $scope.Piyush.rollno = 2;
});

例子

<html>
<head>
 <title>Angular JS Custom Directives</title>
</head>
<body>
 <h2>AngularJS Sample Application</h2>
 <div ng-app="mainApp" ng-controller="StudentController">
		<student name="Mahesh"></student><br/>
		<student name="Piyush"></student>
 </div>
 <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.2.15/angular.min.js"></script>
 <script>
  var mainApp = angular.module("mainApp", []);
	 
  mainApp.directive('student', function() {
   var directive = {};
   directive.restrict = 'E';
   directive.template = "Student: <b>{{student.name}}</b> , Roll No: <b>{{student.rollno}}</b>";
   
   directive.scope = {
   student : "=name"
   }
		 
   directive.compile = function(element, attributes) {
   element.css("border", "1px solid #cccccc");

   var linkFunction = function($scope, element, attributes) {
    element.html("Student: <b>"+$scope.student.name +"</b> , Roll No: <b>"+$scope.student.rollno+"</b><br/>");
    element.css("background-color", "#ff00ff");
   }

   return linkFunction;
   }

   return directive;
  });
	 
  mainApp.controller('StudentController', function($scope) {
   $scope.Mahesh = {};
   $scope.Mahesh.name = "Mahesh Parashar";
   $scope.Mahesh.rollno = 1;

   $scope.Piyush = {};
   $scope.Piyush.name = "Piyush Parashar";
   $scope.Piyush.rollno = 2;
  });
  
 </script>
</body>
</html>

结果

在Web浏览器中打开textAngularJS.html。看到结果如下：

AngularJS 自定义指令详解及示例代码