Android Service生命周期及用法!
Service概念及用途:
Android中的服务,它与Activity不同,它是不能与用户交互的,不能自己启动的,运行在后台的程序,如果我们退出应用时,Service进程并没有结束,它仍然在后台运行,那 我们什么时候会用到Service呢?比如我们播放音乐的时候,有可能想边听音乐边干些其他事情,当我们退出播放音乐的应用,如果不用Service,我 们就听不到歌了,所以这时候就得用到Service了,又比如当我们一个应用的数据是通过网络获取的,不同时间(一段时间)的数据是不同的这时候我们可以 用Service在后台定时更新,而不用每打开应用的时候在去获取。
Service生命周期 :
Android Service的生命周期并不像Activity那么复杂,它只继承了onCreate(),onStart(),onDestroy()三个方法,当我 们第一次启动Service时,先后调用了onCreate(),onStart()这两个方法,当停止Service时,则执行onDestroy()方法,这里需要注意的是,如果Service已经启动了,当我们再次启动Service时,不会在执行onCreate()方法,而是直接执行onStart()方法,具体的可以看下面的实例。
Service与Activity通信:
Service后端的数据最终还是要呈现在前端Activity之上的,因为启动Service时,系统会重新开启一个新 的进程,这就涉及到不同进程间通信的问题了(AIDL)这一节我不作过多描述,当我们想获取启动的Service实例时,我们可以用到 bindService和onBindService方法,它们分别执行了Service中IBinder()和onUnbind()方法。
为了让大家 更容易理解,我写了一个简单的Demo,大家可以模仿着我,一步一步的来。
第一步:新建一个Android工程,我这里命名为ServiceDemo.
第二步:修改main.xml代码,我这里增加了四个按钮,代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextView android:id="@+id/text" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" /> <Button android:id="@+id/startservice" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="startService" /> <Button android:id="@+id/stopservice" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="stopService" /> <Button android:id="@+id/bindservice" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="bindService" /> <Button android:id="@+id/unbindservice" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="unbindService" /> </LinearLayout>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextView android:id="@+id/text" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" /> <Button android:id="@+id/startservice" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="startService" /> <Button android:id="@+id/stopservice" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="stopService" /> <Button android:id="@+id/bindservice" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="bindService" /> <Button android:id="@+id/unbindservice" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="unbindService" /></LinearLayout>
第三步:新建一个Service,命名为MyService.java代码如下:
package com.tutor.servicedemo; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Binder; import android.os.IBinder; import android.text.format.Time; import android.util.Log; public class MyService extends Service { //定义个一个Tag标签 private static final String TAG = "MyService"; //这里定义吧一个Binder类,用在onBind()有方法里,这样Activity那边可以获取到 private MyBinder mBinder = new MyBinder(); @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { Log.e(TAG, "start IBinder~~~"); return mBinder; } @Override public void onCreate() { Log.e(TAG, "start onCreate~~~"); super.onCreate(); } @Override public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) { Log.e(TAG, "start onStart~~~"); super.onStart(intent, startId); } @Override public void onDestroy() { Log.e(TAG, "start onDestroy~~~"); super.onDestroy(); } @Override public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) { Log.e(TAG, "start onUnbind~~~"); return super.onUnbind(intent); } //这里我写了一个获取当前时间的函数,不过没有格式化就先这么着吧 public String getSystemTime(){ Time t = new Time(); t.setToNow(); return t.toString(); } public class MyBinder extends Binder{ MyService getService() { return MyService.this; } } }
package com.tutor.servicedemo;import android.app.Service;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Binder;import android.os.IBinder;import android.text.format.Time;import android.util.Log;public class MyService extends Service { //定义个一个Tag标签 private static final String TAG = "MyService"; //这里定义吧一个Binder类,用在onBind()有方法里,这样Activity那边可以获取到 private MyBinder mBinder = new MyBinder(); @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { Log.e(TAG, "start IBinder~~~"); return mBinder; } @Override public void onCreate() { Log.e(TAG, "start onCreate~~~"); super.onCreate(); } @Override public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) { Log.e(TAG, "start onStart~~~"); super.onStart(intent, startId); } @Override public void onDestroy() { Log.e(TAG, "start onDestroy~~~"); super.onDestroy(); } @Override public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) { Log.e(TAG, "start onUnbind~~~"); return super.onUnbind(intent); } //这里我写了一个获取当前时间的函数,不过没有格式化就先这么着吧 public String getSystemTime(){ Time t = new Time(); t.setToNow(); return t.toString(); } public class MyBinder extends Binder{ MyService getService() { return MyService.this; } }}
第四步:修改ServiceDemo.java,代码如下:
package com.tutor.servicedemo; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.ComponentName; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.ServiceConnection; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.IBinder; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView; public class ServiceDemo extends Activity implements OnClickListener{ private MyService mMyService; private TextView mTextView; private Button startServiceButton; private Button stopServiceButton; private Button bindServiceButton; private Button unbindServiceButton; private Context mContext; //这里需要用到ServiceConnection在Context.bindService和context.unBindService()里用到 private ServiceConnection mServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() { //当我bindService时,让TextView显示MyService里getSystemTime()方法的返回值 public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub mMyService = ((MyService.MyBinder)service).getService(); mTextView.setText("I am frome Service :" + mMyService.getSystemTime()); } public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } }; public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); setupViews(); } public void setupViews(){ mContext = ServiceDemo.this; mTextView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.text); startServiceButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.startservice); stopServiceButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.stopservice); bindServiceButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bindservice); unbindServiceButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.unbindservice); startServiceButton.setOnClickListener(this); stopServiceButton.setOnClickListener(this); bindServiceButton.setOnClickListener(this); unbindServiceButton.setOnClickListener(this); } public void onClick(View v) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(v == startServiceButton){ Intent i = new Intent(); i.setClass(ServiceDemo.this, MyService.class); mContext.startService(i); }else if(v == stopServiceButton){ Intent i = new Intent(); i.setClass(ServiceDemo.this, MyService.class); mContext.stopService(i); }else if(v == bindServiceButton){ Intent i = new Intent(); i.setClass(ServiceDemo.this, MyService.class); mContext.bindService(i, mServiceConnection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE); }else{ mContext.unbindService(mServiceConnection); } } }
package com.tutor.servicedemo;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.ComponentName;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.content.ServiceConnection;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.IBinder;import android.view.View;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.TextView;public class ServiceDemo extends Activity implements OnClickListener{ private MyService mMyService; private TextView mTextView; private Button startServiceButton; private Button stopServiceButton; private Button bindServiceButton; private Button unbindServiceButton; private Context mContext; //这里需要用到ServiceConnection在Context.bindService和context.unBindService()里用到 private ServiceConnection mServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() { //当我bindService时,让TextView显示MyService里getSystemTime()方法的返回值 public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub mMyService = ((MyService.MyBinder)service).getService(); mTextView.setText("I am frome Service :" + mMyService.getSystemTime()); } public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } }; public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); setupViews(); } public void setupViews(){ mContext = ServiceDemo.this; mTextView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.text); startServiceButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.startservice); stopServiceButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.stopservice); bindServiceButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bindservice); unbindServiceButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.unbindservice); startServiceButton.setOnClickListener(this); stopServiceButton.setOnClickListener(this); bindServiceButton.setOnClickListener(this); unbindServiceButton.setOnClickListener(this); } public void onClick(View v) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(v == startServiceButton){ Intent i = new Intent(); i.setClass(ServiceDemo.this, MyService.class); mContext.startService(i); }else if(v == stopServiceButton){ Intent i = new Intent(); i.setClass(ServiceDemo.this, MyService.class); mContext.stopService(i); }else if(v == bindServiceButton){ Intent i = new Intent(); i.setClass(ServiceDemo.this, MyService.class); mContext.bindService(i, mServiceConnection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE); }else{ mContext.unbindService(mServiceConnection); } } }
第五步:修改AndroidManifest.xml代码(将我们新建的MyService注册进去如下代码第14行:)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.tutor.servicedemo" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".ServiceDemo" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <service android:name=".MyService" android:exported="true"></service> </application> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="7" /> </manifest><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.tutor.servicedemo" android:versionCode="1" android:versionname="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".ServiceDemo" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <service android:name=".MyService" android:exported="true"></service> </application> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="7" /></manifest>
第六步:执行上述工程,效果图如下:
点击startServie按钮时先后执行了Service中onCreate()->onStart()这两个方法,打开Logcat视窗效果如下图:
我们这时可以按HOME键进入Settings(设置)->Applications(应用)->Running Services(正在运行的服务)看一下我们新启动了一个服务,效果如下:
点击stopService按钮时,Service则执行了onDestroy()方法,效果图如下所示:
这时候我们再次点击startService按钮,然后点击bindService按钮(通常bindService都是bind已经启动的 Service),我们看一下Service执行了IBinder()方法,以及TextView的值也有所变化了,如下两张图所示:
最后点击unbindService按钮,则Service执行了onUnbind()方法,如下图所示:
Ok,今天就先讲到这里了,谢谢大家关注~