教你如何使用Maven模板生成一个项目
Maven带有超过40+个Maven模板，让开发者快速开始一个新的Java项目。这一章，演示怎样使用Maven的命令“mvn archetype:generate”生成一个新的Java Web项目。
下面是使用Maven模板生成项目的步骤。
1、mvnarchetype:generate命令
定位到要生成的项目的目录下，如“D:\workspace\maven-test”。在命令行窗口，执行“mvnarchetype:generate-DarchetypeCatalog=internal”命令以生成一个新的项目。Maven将列出已经存在的40+Maven模板项目供我们选择。在这个例子中，选择19以创建一个简单的Javaweb应用程序项目模板(这里使用的是Maven3.03版本,Maven2可能有所不同)：
使用Maven创建项目过程1
D:\workspace\maven-test>mvnarchetype:generate-DarchetypeCatalog=internal
[INFO]Scanningforprojects...
[INFO]
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]BuildingMavenStubProject(NoPOM)1
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO]>>>maven-archetype-plugin:2.0:generate(default-cli)@standalone-pom>>>
[INFO]
[INFO]<<<maven-archetype-plugin:2.0:generate(default-cli)@standalone-pom<<<
[INFO]
[INFO]---maven-archetype-plugin:2.0:generate(default-cli)@standalone-pom---
[INFO]GeneratingprojectinInteractivemode
[INFO]Noarchetypedefined.Usingmaven-archetype-quickstart(org.apache.maven.
archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart:1.0)
Choosearchetype:
1:internal->appfuse-basic-jsf(AppFusearchetypeforcreatingawebapplicationwithHibernate,SpringandJSF)
2:internal->appfuse-basic-spring(AppFusearchetypeforcreatingawebapplicationwithHibernate,SpringandSpringMVC)
3:internal->appfuse-basic-struts(AppFusearchetypeforcreatingawebapplicationwithHibernate,SpringandStruts2)
4:internal->appfuse-basic-tapestry(AppFusearchetypeforcreatingawebapplicationwithHibernate,SpringandTapestry4)
5:internal->appfuse-core(AppFusearchetypeforcreatingajarapplicationwithHibernateandSpringandXFire)
6:internal->appfuse-modular-jsf(AppFusearchetypeforcreatingamodularapplicationwithHibernate,SpringandJSF)
7:internal->appfuse-modular-spring(AppFusearchetypeforcreatingamodularapplicationwithHibernate,SpringandSpringMVC)
8:internal->appfuse-modular-struts(AppFusearchetypeforcreatingamodularapplicationwithHibernate,SpringandStruts2)
9:internal->appfuse-modular-tapestry(AppFusearchetypeforcreatingamodularapplicationwithHibernate,SpringandTapestry4)
10:internal->makumba-archetype(ArchetypeforasimpleMakumbaapplication)11:internal->maven-archetype-j2ee-simple(AsimpleJ2EEJavaapplication)
12:internal->maven-archetype-marmalade-mojo(AMavenplugindevelopmentprojectusingmarmalade)
13:internal->maven-archetype-mojo(AMavenJavaplugindevelopmentproject)
14:internal->maven-archetype-portlet(Asimpleportletapplication)
15:internal->maven-archetype-profiles()
16:internal->maven-archetype-quickstart()
17:internal->maven-archetype-site-simple(Asimplesitegenerationproject)
18:internal->maven-archetype-site(Amorecomplexsiteproject)
19:internal->maven-archetype-webapp(AsimpleJavawebapplication)
20:internal->data-app(AnewDatabinderapplicationwithsourcesandresources.)
21:internal->camel-archetype-component(CreatesanewCamelcomponent)
22:internal->camel-archetype-activemq(CreatesanewCamelprojectthatconfiguresandinteractswithActiveMQ)
23:internal->camel-archetype-java(CreatesanewCamelprojectusingJavaDSL)
24:internal->camel-archetype-scala(CreatesanewCamelprojectusingScalaDSL)
25:internal->camel-archetype-spring(CreatesanewCamelprojectwithaddedSpringDSLsupport)
26:internal->camel-archetype-war(CreatesanewCamelprojectthatdeploystheCamelWebConsole,RESTAPI,andyourroutesasaWAR)
27:internal->jini-service-archetype(ArchetypeforJiniserviceprojectcreation)
28:internal->jbosscc-seam-archetype(MavenArchetypetogenerateaSeamApplication-Documentation)
29:internal->softeu-archetype-seam(JSF+Facelets+SeamArchetype)
30:internal->softeu-archetype-seam-simple(JSF+Facelets+Seam(nopersistence)Archetype)
31:internal->softeu-archetype-jsf(JSF+FaceletsArchetype)
32:internal->jpa-maven-archetype(JPAapplication)
33:internal->spring-osgi-bundle-archetype(Spring-OSGiarchetype)
34:internal->bamboo-plugin-archetype(AtlassianBamboopluginarchetype)
35:internal->confluence-plugin-archetype(AtlassianConfluencepluginarchetype)
36:internal->jira-plugin-archetype(AtlassianJIRApluginarchetype)
37:internal->maven-archetype-har(HibernateArchive)
38:internal->maven-archetype-sar(JBossServiceArchive)
39:internal->wicket-archetype-quickstart(AsimpleApacheWicketproject)
40:internal->quickstart(AsimpleApacheTapestry5Project)
41:internal->scala-archetype-simple(Asimplescalaproject)
42:internal->lift-archetype-blank(Ablank/emptyliftwebproject)
43:internal->lift-archetype-basic(Thebasic(liftweb)project)
44:internal->cocoon-22-archetype-block-plain(http://cocoon.apache.org/2.2/maven-plugins/)
45:internal->cocoon-22-archetype-block(http://cocoon.apache.org/2.2/maven-plugins/)
46:internal->cocoon-22-archetype-webapp(http://cocoon.apache.org/2.2/maven-plugins/)
47:internal->myfaces-archetype-helloworld(AsimplearchetypeusingMyFaces)
48:internal->myfaces-archetype-helloworld-facelets(AsimplearchetypeusingMyFacesandfacelets)
49:internal->myfaces-archetype-trinidad(AsimplearchetypeusingMyfacesandTrinidad)
50:internal->myfaces-archetype-jsfcomponents(AsimplearchetypeforcreatecustomJSFcomponentsusingMyFaces)
51:internal->gmaven-archetype-basic(Groovybasicarchetype)
52:internal->gmaven-archetype-mojo(Groovymojoarchetype)
53:internal->struts2-archetype-starter(Struts2StarterArchetype)
54:internal->tynamo-archetype(CreatesaCRUDwebapplicationbasedonTapestry5andTynamo,amodel-drivenJavawebframework)
55:internal->tellurium-junit-archetype(TelluriumJUnitprojectarchetypefortheTelluriumAutomatedTestingFramework)
56:internal->tellurium-testng-archetype(TelluriumTestNGprojectarchetypefortheTelluriumAutomatedTestingFramework)
57:internal->scalate-archetype-empty(GeneratesaScalateemptywebapplication)
58:internal->scalate-archetype-guice(GeneratesaScalateJogwebapplication)
Chooseanumber:16:
选择19，Maven会自动下载所需的依赖库文件，这可能会耗费一些时间。
2、项目详细信息
接下来，会让填写项目的详细信息：
填写项目详细信息
Definevalueforproperty'groupId'::com.xuejava
Definevalueforproperty'artifactId'::com.xuejavaweb
Definevalueforproperty'version':1.0-SNAPSHOT::1.0
Definevalueforproperty'package':com.xuejava::
完整的过程如下：
项目生成过程2
……
Chooseanumber:16:19
Downloading:http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-arc
hetype-webapp/1.0/maven-archetype-webapp-1.0.jar
Downloaded:http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-arch
etype-webapp/1.0/maven-archetype-webapp-1.0.jar(4KBat1.7KB/sec)
Downloading:http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-arc
hetype-webapp/1.0/maven-archetype-webapp-1.0.pom
Downloaded:http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-arch
etype-webapp/1.0/maven-archetype-webapp-1.0.pom(533Bat0.1KB/sec)
Definevalueforproperty'groupId'::com.xuejava
Definevalueforproperty'artifactId'::com.xuejavaweb
Definevalueforproperty'version':1.0-SNAPSHOT::1.0
Definevalueforproperty'package':com.xuejava::
Confirmpropertiesconfiguration:
groupId:com.xuejava
artifactId:com.xuejavaweb
version:1.0
package:com.xuejava
Y::y
[INFO]----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]UsingfollowingparametersforcreatingprojectfromOld(1.x)Archetype:
maven-archetype-webapp:RELEASE
[INFO]----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]Parameter:groupId,Value:com.xuejava
[INFO]Parameter:packageName,Value:com.xuejava
[INFO]Parameter:package,Value:com.xuejava
[INFO]Parameter:artifactId,Value:com.xuejavaweb
[INFO]Parameter:basedir,Value:D:\workspace\maven-test
[INFO]Parameter:version,Value:1.0
[INFO]*********************EndofdebuginfofromresourcesfromgeneratedPOM***********************
[INFO]projectcreatedfromOld(1.x)Archetypeindir:D:\workspace\maven-test\com.xuejavaweb
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]BUILDSUCCESS
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]Totaltime:1:13.922s
[INFO]Finishedat:SunMay2213:51:03CST2011
[INFO]FinalMemory:6M/16M
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------
D:\workspace\maven-test>
创建结束，会生成如下的文件和目录结构：
3、pom.xml
在Maven中，pom.xml文件是项目配置的核心，它包含构建项目所需的主要信息。在上面的示例中，自动生成了pom.xml文件，其中的标签“packaging”为“war”—注意这里不是“jar”。当使用Maven构建项目时，该项目将自动打成war包用来部署。
pom.xml
<projectxmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.xuejava</groupId>
<artifactId>com.xuejavaweb</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0</version>
<name>com.xuejavawebMavenWebapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>com.xuejavaweb</finalName>
</build>
</project>
在Maven，完成所有这一切，只需要一个命令，就可以创建标准目录结构，马上开始开发工作 。转自：http://www.k6567.com
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