了解MySQL死锁日志
锁的种类&概念
Shared and Exclusive Locks
Shared lock: 共享锁,官方描述:permits the transaction that holds the lock to read a row
eg:select * from xx where a=1 lock in share mode
Exclusive Locks:排他锁: permits the transaction that holds the lock to update or delete a row
eg: select * from xx where a=1 for update
Intention Locks
- 这个锁是加在table上的,表示要对下一个层级(记录)进行加锁
- Intention shared (IS):Transaction T intends to set S locks on individual rows in table t
- Intention exclusive (IX): Transaction T intends to set X locks on those rows
在数据库层看到的结果是这样的:
TABLE LOCK table `lc_3`.`a` trx id 133588125 lock mode IX
Record Locks
在数据库层看到的结果是这样的:
RECORD LOCKS space id 281 page no 3 n bits 72 index PRIMARY of table `lc_3`.`a` trx id 133588125 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap
- 该锁是加在索引上的(从上面的index PRIMARY of table
lc_3
.a
就能看出来) - 记录锁可以有两种类型:lock_mode X locks rec but not gap && lock_mode S locks rec but not gap
Gap Locks
在数据库层看到的结果是这样的:
RECORD LOCKS space id 281 page no 5 n bits 72 index idx_c of table `lc_3`.`a` trx id 133588125 lock_mode X locks gap before rec
- Gap锁是用来防止insert的
- Gap锁,中文名间隙锁,锁住的不是记录,而是范围,比如:(negative infinity, 10),(10, 11)区间,这里都是开区间哦
Next-Key Locks
在数据库层看到的结果是这样的:
RECORD LOCKS space id 281 page no 5 n bits 72 index idx_c of table `lc_3`.`a` trx id 133588125 lock_mode X
- Next-Key Locks = Gap Locks + Record Locks 的结合, 不仅仅锁住记录,还会锁住间隙,
比如: (negative infinity, 10】,(10, 11】区间,这些右边都是闭区间哦
Insert Intention Locks
- 在数据库层看到的结果是这样的:
RECORD LOCKS space id 279 page no 3 n bits 72 index PRIMARY of tablelc_3
.t1
trx id 133587907 lock_mode X insert intention waiting - Insert Intention Locks 可以理解为特殊的Gap锁的一种,用以提升并发写入的性能
- 在数据库层看到的结果是这样的:
AUTO-INC Locks
在数据库层看到的结果是这样的:
TABLE LOCK table xx trx id 7498948 lock mode AUTO-INC waiting
- 属于表级别的锁
自增锁的详细情况可以之前的一篇文章:
http://keithlan.github.io/2017/03/03/auto_increment_lock/
显示锁 vs 隐示锁
显示锁(explicit lock)
显示的加锁,在show engine innoDB status 中能够看到 ,会在内存中产生对象,占用内存 eg: select ... for update , select ... lock in share mode
隐示锁(implicit lock)
implicit lock 是在索引中对记录逻辑的加锁,但是实际上不产生锁对象,不占用内存空间
- 哪些语句会产生implicit lock 呢?
eg: insert into xx values(xx)
eg: update xx set t=t+1 where id = 1 ; 会对辅助索引加implicit lock - implicit lock 在什么情况下会转换成 explicit lock
eg: 只有implicit lock 产生冲突的时候,会自动转换成explicit lock,这样做的好处就是降低锁的开销
eg: 比如:我插入了一条记录10,本身这个记录加上implicit lock,如果这时候有人再去更新这条10的记录,那么就会自动转换成explicit lock 数据库怎么知道implicit lock的存在呢?如何实现锁的转化呢?
- 对于聚集索引上面的记录,有db_trx_id,如果该事务id在活跃事务列表中,那么说明还没有提交,那么implicit则存在
- 对于非聚集索引:由于上面没有事务id,那么可以通过上面的主键id,再通过主键id上面的事务id来判断,不过算法要非常复杂,这里不做介绍
记录锁,间隙锁,Next-key 锁和插入意向锁。这四种锁对应的死锁如下:
- 记录锁(LOCK_REC_NOT_GAP): lock_mode X locks rec but not gap
- 间隙锁(LOCK_GAP): lock_mode X locks gap before rec
- Next-key 锁(LOCK_ORNIDARY): lock_mode X
- 插入意向锁(LOCK_INSERT_INTENTION): lock_mode X locks gap before rec insert intention
表格信息:
CREATE TABLE `t_bitfly` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `num` int(20) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY `num_key` (`num`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk;
表中数据:
mysql> select * from t_bitfly; +----+------+ | id | num | +----+------+ | 1 | 2 | | 3 | 5 | | 8 | 7 | +----+------+ 3 rows in set (0.04 sec)
数据库隔离级别为:可重复读(REPEATABLE-READ)
模拟死锁场景:
结果:
insert into t_bitfly values(5,5) > 1213 - Deadlock found when trying to get lock; try restarting transaction > 时间: 0.085s
查询日志 :show engine innodb status ;
结果如下
===================================== 2018-08-05 21:20:27 0x7fd40c082700 INNODB MONITOR OUTPUT ===================================== Per second averages calculated from the last 4 seconds ----------------- BACKGROUND THREAD ----------------- srv_master_thread loops: 251 srv_active, 0 srv_shutdown, 22663 srv_idle srv_master_thread log flush and writes: 22905 ---------- SEMAPHORES ---------- OS WAIT ARRAY INFO: reservation count 513 OS WAIT ARRAY INFO: signal count 450 RW-shared spins 0, rounds 569, OS waits 286 RW-excl spins 0, rounds 127, OS waits 1 RW-sx spins 0, rounds 0, OS waits 0 Spin rounds per wait: 569.00 RW-shared, 127.00 RW-excl, 0.00 RW-sx ------------------------ LATEST DETECTED DEADLOCK ------------------------ 2018-08-05 21:15:42 0x7fd40c0b3700 *** (1) TRANSACTION: TRANSACTION 1095010, ACTIVE 21 sec inserting mysql tables in use 1, locked 1 LOCK WAIT 5 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 4 row lock(s), undo log entries 2 MySQL thread id 16, OS thread handle 140548578129664, query id 3052 183.6.50.229 root update insert into t_bitfly values(7,7) *** (1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: RECORD LOCKS space id 2514 page no 4 n bits 72 index num_key of table `test`.`t_bitfly` trx id 1095010 lock_mode X locks gap before rec insert intention waiting Record lock, heap no 3 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 32 0: len 4; hex 80000007; asc ;; 1: len 8; hex 8000000000000008; asc ;; *** (2) TRANSACTION: TRANSACTION 1095015, ACTIVE 6 sec inserting mysql tables in use 1, locked 1 4 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 4 row lock(s), undo log entries 2 MySQL thread id 17, OS thread handle 140548711855872, query id 3056 183.6.50.229 root update insert into t_bitfly values(5,5) *** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S): RECORD LOCKS space id 2514 page no 4 n bits 72 index num_key of table `test`.`t_bitfly` trx id 1095015 lock_mode X Record lock, heap no 1 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 1; compact format; info bits 0 0: len 8; hex 73757072656d756d; asc supremum;; Record lock, heap no 3 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 32 0: len 4; hex 80000007; asc ;; 1: len 8; hex 8000000000000008; asc ;; *** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: RECORD LOCKS space id 2514 page no 4 n bits 72 index num_key of table `test`.`t_bitfly` trx id 1095015 lock_mode X locks gap before rec insert intention waiting Record lock, heap no 3 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 32 0: len 4; hex 80000007; asc ;; 1: len 8; hex 8000000000000008; asc ;; 省略。。。
一些注释:
- LATEST DETECTED DEADLOCK:标示为最新发生的死锁;
- (1) TRANSACTION:此处表示事务1开始 ;
- MySQL thread id 16, OS thread handle 140548578129664, query id 3052 183.6.50.229 root update:此处为记录当前数据库线程id;
- insert into t_bitfly values(7,7):表示事务1在执行的sql ,不过比较悲伤的事情是show engine innodb status 是查看不到完整的事务的sql 的,通常显示当前正在等待锁的sql;
- (1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:此处表示当前事务1等待获取行锁;
- (2) TRANSACTION:此处表示事务2开始 ;
- insert into t_bitfly values(5,5):表示事务2在执行的sql
- (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S):此处表示当前事务2持有的行锁;
- (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:此处表示当前事务2等待获取行锁;
根据死锁日志可以看出:
事务一在执行insert into t_bitfly values(7,7)
时,插入意向锁加锁时卡住;
事务二在执行insert into t_bitfly values(5,5)
时,持有next-key锁,插入意向锁加锁时卡住。
结合上面执行的sql来分析:
- 事务一执行
delete from t_bitfly where num = 5 ;
后,获取了 Gap Locks + Record Locks 也就是 next-key锁; - 事务二执行
delete from t_bitfly where num = 7 ;
后,获取了 Gap Locks + Record Locks 也就是 next-key锁; - 事务一执行
insert into t_bitfly values(7,7)
时,持有next-key锁,插入意向锁,等待事务二的next-key锁解锁; - 事务二执行
insert into t_bitfly values(5,5)
时,持有next-key锁,插入意向锁,等待事务二的next-key锁解锁;
产生死锁。