Nginx与Tomcat集群实施

实施环境:Ubuntu13.04 Tomcat7.0 Nginx1.4.3

Nginx编译安装

在Ubuntu系统下,可以通过apt-get的方式来安装nginx,也可以直接通过下载安装包自行编译安装. 这里采用自行编译安装的方式实施, 安装包的版本为nginx1.4.3

Nginx编译

$ ./configure

在未安装PCRE模块的情况下,会报错:

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.

You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module

option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library

statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.

这里的错误信息应该是HTTP rewrite模块需要PCRE库的支持,如果不需要HTTP rewrite,可以选择通过增加参数--without-http_rewrite_module禁用该模块.

当然也可以通过ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/下载并安装PCRE依赖包,强烈建议安装此依赖包.

这里下载的PCRE包是pcre8.33.tar.gz,对它进行编译安装

$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre
$ sudo make
$ sudo make install

然后再次进行nginx的编译

$ ./configure --user=nobody --group=nobody --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-pcre=/home/dingguangxian/software/pcre-8.33

(更多的编译时参数设置可以参考http://wiki.nginx.org/InstallOptions)

编译完成之后,输出的摘要信息如下:

写道
Configuration summary
+ using PCRE library: /home/dingguangxian/software/pcre-8.33
+ OpenSSL library is not used
+ md5: using system crypto library
+ sha1: using system crypto library
+ using system zlib library

nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"
nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"
nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"

安装Nginx

$ sudo make
$ sudo make install

通过编译的输出结果可以看到,nginx安装之后位于/usr/local/nginx目录,它的核心配置文件是conf/nginx.conf

启动nginx

命令行进入/usr/local/nginx目录,执行下面的命令启动

$ sudo sbin/nginx

关闭和重启nginx的分别命令为

$ sudo sbin/nginx -s stop
$ sudo sbin/nginx -s reload

nginx: [emerg] getgrnam("nobody") failed in **的报错处理:

出现该问题是因为缺少nobody用户,或者该用户未添加到组中,检查之后发现本机没有nobody组,所以新增nobody组,并将用户nobody加入组中.

$ sudo addgroup nobody
$ sudo adduser nobody nobody

启动之后,可以通过http://localhost检查一下是否启动成功.

Tomcat集群配置

首先准备两个Tomcat,并设置其访问端口分别为6080和7080,下面将通过Nginx实现这两个Tomcat的集群和负载均衡功能.

Nginx核心的配置文件位于$NGINX_HOME/conf/nginx.conf,为了测试方便,我们把该配置文件复制一份,并在新的配置文件中进行集群相关的配置. 打开刚复制出来的配置文件进行参数的修改

$ sudo cp conf/nginx.conf conf/nginx-cluster.conf
$ sudo vi conf/nginx-cluster.conf

配置文件中默认的参数及含义见参考资料.

对http节点的配置信息如下:

 

 http {
      include       mime.types;
      default_type  application/octet-stream;
  
        access_log  logs/access.log  ;
  
      sendfile        on;
      #tcp_nopush     on;
  
      #keepalive_timeout  0;
      keepalive_timeout  65;
  
      #gzip  on;
      upstream cluster {
          server localhost:6080;
          server localhost:7080;
      }
      server {
          listen       80;
          server_name  localhost;
          location ~ ^/NginxStatus/ {
             stub_status on;
             access_log off;
          }
       
          location ~ ^/(WEB-INF)/ {
             deny all;
          }
   
          location / {
              proxy_pass http://cluster;
  	        proxy_set_header Host $host;
          }
  
          #error_page  404              /404.html;
  
          # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
          #
          error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
          location = /50x.html {
              root   html;
          }
      }
  
  }
  

集群测试

分别在两个tomcat/webapps中新增应用web,并在其中放入一个测试页面test.jsp.内容如下:

<%
String msg = "JVM1:"+ new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()) + " Served.";
	out.println(msg);
	System.out.println(msg);
%>

在第2个tomcat中,将上面的JVM1改为JVM2.

重启nginx,进行集群的测试.由于这里使用的配置文件是自定义的nginx-cluster.conf,所以在启动时需要增加参数,如下:

$ sudo sbin/nginx -c conf/nginx-cluster.conf

待nginx启动之后,可以通过http://localhost/web/test.jsp查看页面上输出的结果,在多次刷新页面时, 将会是依次输出JVM1和JVM2的信息.

参考资料:

http://wiki.nginx.org/Main

http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/web/wa-lo-nginx/

http://developer.51cto.com/art/201004/194472.htm

http://blog.s135.com/

http://zhuzhichao.com/ubuntu-lnmp-make-install/

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