使用Python模拟设备接入阿里云物联网的MQTT服务器
前言
由于阿里云物联网套件关于设备认证的文档不够详细，笔者差不多摸索了几天才连接上MQTT。下面是使用Python模拟设备接入阿里云的MQTT。
概述
阿里云物联网套件提供两种接入方式：
- MQTT客户端域名直连（资源受限设备推荐）
- 先HTTPS发送授权后再连接MQTT（一些特殊增值服务，比如设备级别的引流）
本文主要介绍第一种接入方式，TCP直连，并提供Python代码示例。
主要参数
连接域名
<ProductKey>.iot-as-mqtt.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com:1883
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MQTT Connect报文参数
1、mqttClientId
mqttClientId = "<ClientId>"+"|securemode=3,signmethod=hmacsha1,timestamp=132323232|"
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2、mqttUsername
使用&拼接<DeviceName>和<ProductKey>。
mqttUsername = "<DeviceName>&<ProductKey>"
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3、mqttPassword
把以下参数按字典键名排序，再把键名都拼接起来（没有分隔符）生成content，然后以DeviceSecret为盐，对content进行hma_sha1加密，最后二进制转为十六进制字符串表示。
- clientId
- deviceName
- productKey
- timestamp
mqttPassword = hmac_sha1(DeviceSecret, content).toHexString();
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示例
假设
- clientId = 12345
- deviceName = device
- productKey = pk
- timestamp = 789
- signmethod = hmacsha1
content拼接结果：clientId12345deviceNamedeviceproductKeypktimestamp789
注意：不用拼接signmethod参数。
对content以DeviceSecret为盐进行hmacsha1加签后，再转为十六进制字符串，最后结果：FAFD82A3D602B37FB0FA8B7892F24A477F851A14
注意：不需要base64。
最后总结一下生成的参数：
- mqttHost = "pk.iot-as-mqtt.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com"
- mqttPort = 1883
- mqttClientId = "12345|securemode=3,signmethod=hmacsha1,timestamp=789|"
- mqttUsername = "device&pk"
- mqttPassword = "FAFD82A3D602B37FB0FA8B7892F24A477F851A14"
参数说明
参数描述ProductKey产品Key。从iot套件控制台获取DeviceName设备名称。从iot套件控制台获取DeviceSecret设备密码，从iot套件控制台获取signmethod算法类型，hmacmd5或hmacsha1clientId客户端自表示id，建议mac或sntimestamp当前时间毫秒值，可选securemode目前安全模式，可选值有2（TLS直连模式）、3（TCP直连模式）
示例代码
填写自己的ProductKey、ClientId、DeviceName、DeviceSecret。
#!/usr/bin/python3
# coding=utf-8
import datetime
import time
import hmac
import hashlib
import math
# 测试加密开关，=1表示不进行连接
TEST = 0
ProductKey = ""
ClientId = "12345" # 自定义clientId
DeviceName = ""
DeviceSecret = ""
# signmethod
signmethod = "hmacsha1"
# signmethod = "hmacmd5"
# 当前时间毫秒值
us = math.modf(time.time())[0]
ms = int(round(us * 1000))
timestamp = str(ms)
data = "".join(("clientId", ClientId, "deviceName", DeviceName,
"productKey", ProductKey, "timestamp", timestamp
))
# print(round((time.time() * 1000)))
print("data:", data)
if "hmacsha1" == signmethod:
ret = hmac.new(bytes(DeviceSecret, encoding="utf-8"),
bytes(data, encoding="utf-8"),
hashlib.sha1).hexdigest()
elif "hmacmd5" == signmethod:
ret = hmac.new(bytes(DeviceSecret, encoding="utf-8"),
bytes(data, encoding="utf-8"),
hashlib.md5).hexdigest()
else:
raise ValueError
sign = ret
print("sign:", sign)
# ======================================================
strBroker = ProductKey + ".iot-as-mqtt.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com"
port = 1883
client_id = "".join((ClientId,
"|securemode=3",
",signmethod=", signmethod,
",timestamp=", timestamp,
"|"))
username = "".join((DeviceName, "&", ProductKey))
password = sign
print("="*30)
print("client_id:", client_id)
print("username:", username)
print("password:", password)
print("="*30)
def secret_test():
DeviceSecret = "secret"
data = "clientId12345deviceNamedeviceproductKeypktimestamp789"
ret = hmac.new(bytes(DeviceSecret, encoding="utf-8"),
bytes(data, encoding="utf-8"),
hashlib.sha1).hexdigest()
print("test:", ret)
# ======================================================
# MQTT Initialize.--------------------------------------
try:
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
except ImportError:
print("MQTT client not find. Please install as follow:")
print("pip install paho-mqtt")
# ======================================================
def on_connect(mqttc, obj, rc):
print("OnConnetc, rc: " + str(rc))
mqttc.subscribe("test", 0)
def on_publish(mqttc, obj, mid):
print("OnPublish, mid: " + str(mid))
def on_subscribe(mqttc, obj, mid, granted_qos):
print("Subscribed: " + str(mid) + " " + str(granted_qos))
def on_log(mqttc, obj, level, string):
print("Log:" + string)
def on_message(mqttc, obj, msg):
curtime = datetime.datetime.now()
strcurtime = curtime.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(strcurtime + ": " + msg.topic + " " + str(msg.qos) + " " + str(msg.payload))
on_exec(str(msg.payload))
def on_exec(strcmd):
print("Exec:", strcmd)
strExec = strcmd
# =====================================================
if __name__ == '__main__':
if TEST:
secret_test()
exit(0)
mqttc = mqtt.Client(client_id)
mqttc.username_pw_set(username, password)
mqttc.on_message = on_message
mqttc.on_connect = on_connect
mqttc.on_publish = on_publish
mqttc.on_subscribe = on_subscribe
mqttc.on_log = on_log
mqttc.connect(strBroker, port, 120)
mqttc.loop_forever()
