连接MySQL数据库的两种方式介绍
连接MySQL操作是连接进程和MySQL数据库实例进行通信。从开发的角度来说，本质上是进程通信，常用的进程通信方式有管道、命名管道、命名字、TCP/IP套接字、Unix域名套接字
TCP/IP连接:
TCP/IP套接字连接方式是MySQL在任何平台都提供的一种连接方式，也是网络中使用最多的一种方式。这种方式在TCP/IP连接上建立一个基于网络的连接请求，一般情况下客户端在一台服务器上，而MySQL实例在另外一台服务器上，这两台机器通过TCP/IP网络连接
- mysql> use mysql;
- Readingtable information for completion of table and column names
- Youcan turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
- Databasechanged
- mysql>select user,host,password from user;
- +------+-------------------+-------------------------------------------+
- |user | host | password |
- +------+-------------------+-------------------------------------------+
- |root | localhost |*23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
- |root | server.sxkeji.com | |
- |root | 127.0.0.1 | |
- | | localhost | |
- | | server.sxkeji.com | |
- | wu | % |*00A51F3F48415C7D4E8908980D443C29C69B60C9|
- +------+-------------------+-------------------------------------------+
- 6rows in set (0.01 sec)
- mysql>
首先远程连接的客户端连接的用户有权限才可以被连接，我们查看到了wu这个用户允许任何机器远程连接
- # mysql -h192.168.0.110 -uwu -p
- Enterpassword:
- Welcometo the MySQL monitor. Commands end with; or \g.
- YourMySQL connection id is 16
- Serverversion: 5.1.52 Source distribution
- Copyright(c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- Thissoftware comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,
- andyou are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL v2 license
- Type'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
- mysql>
Unix域套接字连接：
在Linux和Unix环境下，还可以使用Unix域套接字连接。Unix域套接字其实不是网络协议，所以只能使用MySQL客户端和数据库实例在同一台服务器上的情况下使用。可以在配置文件中指定套接字文件路径,如-socket=/tmp/mysql.sock。当数据库启动之后使用如下方法查找套接字
- mysql>show variables like 'socket'\G
- ***************************1. row ***************************
- Variable_name:socket
- Value: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
- 1row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql>
然后就可以通过套接字的方式连接了
- # mysql -uwu -S /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
- Welcometo the MySQL monitor. Commands end with; or \g.
- YourMySQL connection id is 18
- Serverversion: 5.1.52 Source distribution
- Copyright(c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- Thissoftware comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,
- andyou are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL v2 license
- Type'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
- mysql>
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