python操作RabbiMQ

RabbitMQ是一个在AMQP基础上完整的,可复用的企业消息系统。他遵循Mozilla Public License开源协议。

MQ全称为Message Queue, 消息队列(MQ)是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。应用程序通过读写出入队列的消息(针对应用程序的数据)来通信,而无需专用连接来链接它们。消 息传递指的是程序之间通过在消息中发送数据进行通信,而不是通过直接调用彼此来通信,直接调用通常是用于诸如远程过程调用的技术。排队指的是应用程序通过 队列来通信。队列的使用除去了接收和发送应用程序同时执行的要求。

puthon操作rabbitMQ的模块名为:pika

https://github.com/pika/pika

在操作rabbitMQ之前,先通过Queue理解生产者消费者模型
生产者消费者模型

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
 3 
 4 import  Queue
 5 import  threading
 6 
 7 message = Queue.Queue(10)
 8 
 9 
10 def producter(i):
11 
12     while True:
13         message.put(i)
14 
15 def consumer(i):
16     while True:
17         message.get()
18 
19 
20 
21 for i in range(5):
22     w = threading.Thread(target=producter,args=(i,))
23     w.start()
24 
25 for i in range(2):
26     w = threading.Thread(target=consumer,args=(i,))
27     w.start()

对于RabbitMQ来说,生产和消费不再针对内存里的一个Queue对象,而是某台服务器上的RabbitMQ Server实现的消息队列。

生产者

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
 3 
 4 import  pika
 5 
 6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108')) #连接一台rabbitMQ
 7 
 8 channel = connection.channel()  #创建一个频道
 9 
10 channel.queue_declare("chenchao")  #声明一个消息队列
11 
12 
13 channel.basic_publish(exchange='',routing_key="chenchao",body="Fucking!")   #发送消息
14 
15 print "sent Fucking world!!!!"
16 
17 connection.close()  #关闭连接

消费者

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
 3 
 4 # #############################消费者########################
 5 
 6 import  pika
 7 
 8 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108'))
 9 
10 channel = connection.channel()
11 
12 channel.queue_declare("chenchao")
13 
14 def callback(ch, method, properties, body):  #固定格式 必须有4个参数
15     print body
16 
17 
18 channel.basic_consume(callback,queue="chenchao",no_ack=True)  #将从队列里取出的数据回调给callback方法
19 
20 channel.start_consuming()   #开始取值

1、acknowledgment 消息不丢失

no-ack = False,如果在传递消息的过程中消费者遇到情况(its channel is closed, connection is closed, or TCP connection is lost)挂掉了,那么,RabbitMQ会重新将该任务消息添加到队列中。

消费者

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
 3 
 4 # #############################消费者########################
 5 
 6 import  pika
 7 
 8 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108'))
 9 
10 channel = connection.channel()
11 
12 channel.queue_declare("chenchao")
13 
14 def callback(ch, method, properties, body):  #固定格式 必须有4个参数
15     print body
16     import time
17     time.sleep(8)
18     print "sleep over"
19     ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag )   #向生产者发送应答
20 
21 
22 channel.basic_consume(callback,queue="chenchao",no_ack=False)  #将从队列里取出的数据回调给callback方法
23 
24 channel.start_consuming()   #开始取值

ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag ) #向生产者发送应答,表示已经接收到了数据
no_ack=False
2、durable 消息不丢失

如果之前的队列为非持久化的,那么之后就不能将其修改为持久化的,必须重新创建一个新的队列,并声明为持久化的队列,并且在发送消息时也要注明是持久化消息才行。

生产者

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
 3 
 4 # #######################生产者######################
 5 
 6 import  pika
 7 
 8 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108')) #连接一台rabbitMQ
 9 
10 channel = connection.channel()  #创建一个频道
11 
12 channel.queue_declare("chenchao2",durable=True)  #声明一个消息队列为持久化的队列
13 
14 
15 channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
16                       routing_key="chenchao2",
17                       body="Message NO.1",
18                       properties=pika.BasicProperties(delivery_mode=2,))  #发送消息为持久化的数据
19 
20 print "sent Message OK!"
21 
22 connection.close()  #关闭连接

durable=True
properties=pika.BasicProperties(delivery_mode=2,)
消费者

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
 3 
 4 # #############################消费者########################
 5 
 6 import  pika
 7 
 8 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108'))
 9 
10 channel = connection.channel()
11 
12 channel.queue_declare("chenchao2",durable=True)  #生命一个可持续化的队列(如果队列已经存在,这句可有可无)
13 
14 def callback(ch, method, properties, body):  #固定格式 必须有4个参数
15     print body
16     import time
17     time.sleep(8)
18     print "sleep over"
19     ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag )   #向生产者发送应答
20 
21 
22 channel.basic_consume(callback,queue="chenchao2",no_ack=False)  #将从队列里取出的数据回调给callback方法
23 
24 channel.start_consuming()   #开始取值

3、消息获取顺序

默认消息队列里的数据是按照顺序被消费者拿走,例如:消费者1 去队列中获取 奇数 序列的任务,消费者1去队列中获取 偶数 序列的任务。

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) 表示谁来谁取,不再按照奇偶数排列

消费者

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
 3 
 4 # #############################消费者########################
 5 
 6 import  pika
 7 
 8 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108'))
 9 
10 channel = connection.channel()
11 
12 channel.queue_declare("chenchao2",durable=True)  #生命一个可持续化的队列(如果队列已经存在,这句可有可无)
13 
14 def callback(ch, method, properties, body):  #固定格式 必须有4个参数
15     print body
16     import time
17     time.sleep(8)
18     print "sleep over"
19     ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag )   #向生产者发送应答
20 
21 channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)   #获取消息不在按奇偶规则获取
22 
23 channel.basic_consume(callback,queue="chenchao2",no_ack=False)  #将从队列里取出的数据回调给callback方法
24 
25 channel.start_consuming()   #开始取值

4、发布订阅

发布订阅和简单的消息队列区别在于,发布订阅会将消息发送给所有的订阅者,而消息队列中的数据被消费一次便消失。所以,RabbitMQ实现发布和订阅时,会为每一个订阅者创建一个队列,而发布者发布消息时,会将消息放置在所有相关队列中。
python操作RabbiMQ

发布者

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
 3 
 4 import pika
 5 import sys
 6 
 7 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
 8         host='192.168.1.108'))
 9 channel = connection.channel()
10 
11 
12 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='chenchao',
13                          type='fanout')     #声明一个名称为chenchao的exchange  类型为fanout
14 
15 
16 message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello every consumer2"
17 channel.basic_publish(exchange='chenchao',
18                       routing_key='',
19                       body=message)      #将消息发送到exchange里,通过exchange发送到所有队列
20 print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
21 connection.close()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='chenchao',

type='fanout')     #声明一个名称为chenchao的exchange  类型为fanout

订阅者

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
 3 
 4 import pika
 5 
 6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
 7         host='192.168.1.108'))
 8 channel = connection.channel()
 9 
10 
11 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='chenchao',
12                          type='fanout')       #声明类型为fanou名称为chenchao的exchange
13 
14 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
15 queue_name = result.method.queue     #生成一个随机名的队列
16 
17 channel.queue_bind(exchange='chenchao',
18                    queue=queue_name)    #将队列与exchange绑定
19 
20 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
21 
22 def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
23     print(" [x] %r" % body)
24 
25 channel.basic_consume(callback,
26                       queue=queue_name,
27                       no_ack=True)
28 
29 channel.start_consuming()

channel.queue_bind(exchange='chenchao',

queue=queue_name)    #将队列与exchange绑定

5、关键字发送

exchange type = direct

之前事例,发送消息时明确指定某个队列并向其中发送消息,RabbitMQ还支持根据关键字发送,即:队列绑定关键字,发送者将数据根据关键字发送到消息exchange,exchange根据 关键字 判定应该将数据发送至指定队列。
python操作RabbiMQ

生产者

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
 3 
 4 import pika
 5 import sys
 6 
 7 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
 8         host='192.168.1.108'))
 9 channel = connection.channel()
10 
11 
12 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='import',
13                          type='direct')     #声明一个名称为import的exchange  类型为direct
14 
15 
16 message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello are you Q1???"
17 channel.basic_publish(exchange='import',
18                       routing_key='Nice',
19                       body=message)      #将消息与关键字发送到exchange里,通过关键字发送到绑定的队列
20 print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
21 connection.close()

type='direct'
routing_key='Nice'
订阅者

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
 3 
 4 import pika
 5 
 6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
 7         host='192.168.1.108'))
 8 channel = connection.channel()
 9 
10 
11 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='import',
12                          type='direct')       #声明类型为direct名称为import的exchange
13 
14 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
15 queue_name = result.method.queue     #生成一个随机名的队列
16 
17 channel.queue_bind(exchange='import',
18                    queue=queue_name,
19                    routing_key="Queue1")    #将队列与exchange绑定,并声明关键字
20 
21 
22 channel.queue_bind(exchange='import',
23                    queue=queue_name,
24                    routing_key="Nice")    #将队列与exchange绑定,并声明关键字
25 
26 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
27 
28 def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
29     print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
30 
31 channel.basic_consume(callback,
32                       queue=queue_name,
33                       no_ack=True)
34 
35 channel.start_consuming()

订阅者2

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
 3 
 4 import pika
 5 
 6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
 7         host='192.168.1.108'))
 8 channel = connection.channel()
 9 
10 
11 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='import',
12                          type='direct')       #声明类型为direct名称为import的exchange
13 
14 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
15 queue_name = result.method.queue     #生成一个随机名的队列
16 
17 channel.queue_bind(exchange='import',
18                    queue=queue_name,
19                    routing_key="Queue2")    #将队列与exchange绑定,并声明关键字
20 
21 
22 channel.queue_bind(exchange='import',
23                    queue=queue_name,
24                    routing_key="Nice")    #将队列与exchange绑定,并声明关键字
25 
26 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
27 
28 def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
29     print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
30 
31 channel.basic_consume(callback,
32                       queue=queue_name,
33                       no_ack=True)
34 
35 channel.start_consuming()

type='direct'

routing_key="Nice"

6、模糊匹配

exchange type = topic

在topic类型下,可以让队列绑定几个模糊的关键字,之后发送者将数据发送到exchange,exchange将传入”路由值“和 ”关键字“进行匹配,匹配成功,则将数据发送到指定队列。

表示可以匹配 0 个 或 多个 单词

  • 表示只能匹配 一个 单词

routing_key="Nice.*"
routing_key="Nice.#"

发送者路由值 队列中
old.boy.python old.* -- 不匹配
old.boy.python old.# -- 匹配

发布者

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
 3 
 4 import pika
 5 import sys
 6 
 7 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
 8         host='192.168.1.108'))
 9 channel = connection.channel()
10 
11 
12 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
13                          type='topic')     #声明一个名称为import的exchange  类型为direct
14 
15 
16 message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Are you choosed?"
17 channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs',
18                       routing_key='Nice',
19                       body=message)      #将消息与关键字发送到exchange里,通过关键字发送到绑定的队列
20 print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
21 connection.close()

type='topic'
订阅者1

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
 3 
 4 import pika
 5 
 6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
 7         host='192.168.1.108'))
 8 channel = connection.channel()
 9 
10 
11 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
12                          type='topic')       #声明类型为topic的exchange
13 
14 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
15 queue_name = result.method.queue     #生成一个随机名的队列
16 
17 
18 channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs',
19                    queue=queue_name,
20                    routing_key="Nice.*")    #将队列与exchange绑定,并声明关键字 *代表只能匹配一个
21 
22 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
23 
24 def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
25     print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
26 
27 channel.basic_consume(callback,
28                       queue=queue_name,
29                       no_ack=True)
30 
31 channel.start_consuming()

type='topic'
routing_key="Nice.*"
订阅者2

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
 3 
 4 import pika
 5 
 6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
 7         host='192.168.1.108'))
 8 channel = connection.channel()
 9 
10 
11 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
12                          type='topic')       #声明类型为direct名称为import的exchange
13 
14 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
15 queue_name = result.method.queue     #生成一个随机名的队列
16 
17 channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs',
18                    queue=queue_name,
19                    routing_key="Nice.#")    #将队列与exchange绑定,并声明关键字 #代表只能匹配0个或者多个
20 
21 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
22 
23 def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
24     print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
25 
26 channel.basic_consume(callback,
27                       queue=queue_name,
28                       no_ack=True)
29 
30 channel.start_consuming()

routing_key="Nice.#"

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