python操作RabbiMQ
RabbitMQ是一个在AMQP基础上完整的,可复用的企业消息系统。他遵循Mozilla Public License开源协议。
MQ全称为Message Queue, 消息队列(MQ)是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。应用程序通过读写出入队列的消息(针对应用程序的数据)来通信,而无需专用连接来链接它们。消 息传递指的是程序之间通过在消息中发送数据进行通信,而不是通过直接调用彼此来通信,直接调用通常是用于诸如远程过程调用的技术。排队指的是应用程序通过 队列来通信。队列的使用除去了接收和发送应用程序同时执行的要求。
puthon操作rabbitMQ的模块名为:pika
在操作rabbitMQ之前,先通过Queue理解生产者消费者模型
生产者消费者模型
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_ 3 4 import Queue 5 import threading 6 7 message = Queue.Queue(10) 8 9 10 def producter(i): 11 12 while True: 13 message.put(i) 14 15 def consumer(i): 16 while True: 17 message.get() 18 19 20 21 for i in range(5): 22 w = threading.Thread(target=producter,args=(i,)) 23 w.start() 24 25 for i in range(2): 26 w = threading.Thread(target=consumer,args=(i,)) 27 w.start()
对于RabbitMQ来说,生产和消费不再针对内存里的一个Queue对象,而是某台服务器上的RabbitMQ Server实现的消息队列。
生产者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_ 3 4 import pika 5 6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108')) #连接一台rabbitMQ 7 8 channel = connection.channel() #创建一个频道 9 10 channel.queue_declare("chenchao") #声明一个消息队列 11 12 13 channel.basic_publish(exchange='',routing_key="chenchao",body="Fucking!") #发送消息 14 15 print "sent Fucking world!!!!" 16 17 connection.close() #关闭连接
消费者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_ 3 4 # #############################消费者######################## 5 6 import pika 7 8 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108')) 9 10 channel = connection.channel() 11 12 channel.queue_declare("chenchao") 13 14 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): #固定格式 必须有4个参数 15 print body 16 17 18 channel.basic_consume(callback,queue="chenchao",no_ack=True) #将从队列里取出的数据回调给callback方法 19 20 channel.start_consuming() #开始取值
1、acknowledgment 消息不丢失
no-ack = False,如果在传递消息的过程中消费者遇到情况(its channel is closed, connection is closed, or TCP connection is lost)挂掉了,那么,RabbitMQ会重新将该任务消息添加到队列中。
消费者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_ 3 4 # #############################消费者######################## 5 6 import pika 7 8 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108')) 9 10 channel = connection.channel() 11 12 channel.queue_declare("chenchao") 13 14 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): #固定格式 必须有4个参数 15 print body 16 import time 17 time.sleep(8) 18 print "sleep over" 19 ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag ) #向生产者发送应答 20 21 22 channel.basic_consume(callback,queue="chenchao",no_ack=False) #将从队列里取出的数据回调给callback方法 23 24 channel.start_consuming() #开始取值
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag ) #向生产者发送应答,表示已经接收到了数据
no_ack=False
2、durable 消息不丢失
如果之前的队列为非持久化的,那么之后就不能将其修改为持久化的,必须重新创建一个新的队列,并声明为持久化的队列,并且在发送消息时也要注明是持久化消息才行。
生产者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_ 3 4 # #######################生产者###################### 5 6 import pika 7 8 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108')) #连接一台rabbitMQ 9 10 channel = connection.channel() #创建一个频道 11 12 channel.queue_declare("chenchao2",durable=True) #声明一个消息队列为持久化的队列 13 14 15 channel.basic_publish(exchange='', 16 routing_key="chenchao2", 17 body="Message NO.1", 18 properties=pika.BasicProperties(delivery_mode=2,)) #发送消息为持久化的数据 19 20 print "sent Message OK!" 21 22 connection.close() #关闭连接
durable=True
properties=pika.BasicProperties(delivery_mode=2,)
消费者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_ 3 4 # #############################消费者######################## 5 6 import pika 7 8 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108')) 9 10 channel = connection.channel() 11 12 channel.queue_declare("chenchao2",durable=True) #生命一个可持续化的队列(如果队列已经存在,这句可有可无) 13 14 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): #固定格式 必须有4个参数 15 print body 16 import time 17 time.sleep(8) 18 print "sleep over" 19 ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag ) #向生产者发送应答 20 21 22 channel.basic_consume(callback,queue="chenchao2",no_ack=False) #将从队列里取出的数据回调给callback方法 23 24 channel.start_consuming() #开始取值
3、消息获取顺序
默认消息队列里的数据是按照顺序被消费者拿走,例如:消费者1 去队列中获取 奇数 序列的任务,消费者1去队列中获取 偶数 序列的任务。
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) 表示谁来谁取,不再按照奇偶数排列
消费者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_ 3 4 # #############################消费者######################## 5 6 import pika 7 8 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108')) 9 10 channel = connection.channel() 11 12 channel.queue_declare("chenchao2",durable=True) #生命一个可持续化的队列(如果队列已经存在,这句可有可无) 13 14 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): #固定格式 必须有4个参数 15 print body 16 import time 17 time.sleep(8) 18 print "sleep over" 19 ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag ) #向生产者发送应答 20 21 channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) #获取消息不在按奇偶规则获取 22 23 channel.basic_consume(callback,queue="chenchao2",no_ack=False) #将从队列里取出的数据回调给callback方法 24 25 channel.start_consuming() #开始取值
4、发布订阅
发布订阅和简单的消息队列区别在于,发布订阅会将消息发送给所有的订阅者,而消息队列中的数据被消费一次便消失。所以,RabbitMQ实现发布和订阅时,会为每一个订阅者创建一个队列,而发布者发布消息时,会将消息放置在所有相关队列中。
发布者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_ 3 4 import pika 5 import sys 6 7 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 8 host='192.168.1.108')) 9 channel = connection.channel() 10 11 12 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='chenchao', 13 type='fanout') #声明一个名称为chenchao的exchange 类型为fanout 14 15 16 message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello every consumer2" 17 channel.basic_publish(exchange='chenchao', 18 routing_key='', 19 body=message) #将消息发送到exchange里,通过exchange发送到所有队列 20 print(" [x] Sent %r" % message) 21 connection.close()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='chenchao',
type='fanout') #声明一个名称为chenchao的exchange 类型为fanout
订阅者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_ 3 4 import pika 5 6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 7 host='192.168.1.108')) 8 channel = connection.channel() 9 10 11 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='chenchao', 12 type='fanout') #声明类型为fanou名称为chenchao的exchange 13 14 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) 15 queue_name = result.method.queue #生成一个随机名的队列 16 17 channel.queue_bind(exchange='chenchao', 18 queue=queue_name) #将队列与exchange绑定 19 20 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C') 21 22 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): 23 print(" [x] %r" % body) 24 25 channel.basic_consume(callback, 26 queue=queue_name, 27 no_ack=True) 28 29 channel.start_consuming()
channel.queue_bind(exchange='chenchao',
queue=queue_name) #将队列与exchange绑定
5、关键字发送
exchange type = direct
之前事例,发送消息时明确指定某个队列并向其中发送消息,RabbitMQ还支持根据关键字发送,即:队列绑定关键字,发送者将数据根据关键字发送到消息exchange,exchange根据 关键字 判定应该将数据发送至指定队列。
生产者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_ 3 4 import pika 5 import sys 6 7 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 8 host='192.168.1.108')) 9 channel = connection.channel() 10 11 12 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='import', 13 type='direct') #声明一个名称为import的exchange 类型为direct 14 15 16 message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello are you Q1???" 17 channel.basic_publish(exchange='import', 18 routing_key='Nice', 19 body=message) #将消息与关键字发送到exchange里,通过关键字发送到绑定的队列 20 print(" [x] Sent %r" % message) 21 connection.close()
type='direct'
routing_key='Nice'
订阅者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_ 3 4 import pika 5 6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 7 host='192.168.1.108')) 8 channel = connection.channel() 9 10 11 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='import', 12 type='direct') #声明类型为direct名称为import的exchange 13 14 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) 15 queue_name = result.method.queue #生成一个随机名的队列 16 17 channel.queue_bind(exchange='import', 18 queue=queue_name, 19 routing_key="Queue1") #将队列与exchange绑定,并声明关键字 20 21 22 channel.queue_bind(exchange='import', 23 queue=queue_name, 24 routing_key="Nice") #将队列与exchange绑定,并声明关键字 25 26 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C') 27 28 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): 29 print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body)) 30 31 channel.basic_consume(callback, 32 queue=queue_name, 33 no_ack=True) 34 35 channel.start_consuming()
订阅者2
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_ 3 4 import pika 5 6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 7 host='192.168.1.108')) 8 channel = connection.channel() 9 10 11 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='import', 12 type='direct') #声明类型为direct名称为import的exchange 13 14 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) 15 queue_name = result.method.queue #生成一个随机名的队列 16 17 channel.queue_bind(exchange='import', 18 queue=queue_name, 19 routing_key="Queue2") #将队列与exchange绑定,并声明关键字 20 21 22 channel.queue_bind(exchange='import', 23 queue=queue_name, 24 routing_key="Nice") #将队列与exchange绑定,并声明关键字 25 26 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C') 27 28 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): 29 print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body)) 30 31 channel.basic_consume(callback, 32 queue=queue_name, 33 no_ack=True) 34 35 channel.start_consuming()
type='direct'
routing_key="Nice"
6、模糊匹配
exchange type = topic
在topic类型下,可以让队列绑定几个模糊的关键字,之后发送者将数据发送到exchange,exchange将传入”路由值“和 ”关键字“进行匹配,匹配成功,则将数据发送到指定队列。
表示可以匹配 0 个 或 多个 单词
- 表示只能匹配 一个 单词
routing_key="Nice.*"
routing_key="Nice.#"
发送者路由值 队列中
old.boy.python old.* -- 不匹配
old.boy.python old.# -- 匹配
发布者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_ 3 4 import pika 5 import sys 6 7 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 8 host='192.168.1.108')) 9 channel = connection.channel() 10 11 12 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', 13 type='topic') #声明一个名称为import的exchange 类型为direct 14 15 16 message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Are you choosed?" 17 channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs', 18 routing_key='Nice', 19 body=message) #将消息与关键字发送到exchange里,通过关键字发送到绑定的队列 20 print(" [x] Sent %r" % message) 21 connection.close()
type='topic'
订阅者1
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_ 3 4 import pika 5 6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 7 host='192.168.1.108')) 8 channel = connection.channel() 9 10 11 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', 12 type='topic') #声明类型为topic的exchange 13 14 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) 15 queue_name = result.method.queue #生成一个随机名的队列 16 17 18 channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs', 19 queue=queue_name, 20 routing_key="Nice.*") #将队列与exchange绑定,并声明关键字 *代表只能匹配一个 21 22 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C') 23 24 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): 25 print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body)) 26 27 channel.basic_consume(callback, 28 queue=queue_name, 29 no_ack=True) 30 31 channel.start_consuming()
type='topic'
routing_key="Nice.*"
订阅者2
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_ 3 4 import pika 5 6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 7 host='192.168.1.108')) 8 channel = connection.channel() 9 10 11 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', 12 type='topic') #声明类型为direct名称为import的exchange 13 14 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) 15 queue_name = result.method.queue #生成一个随机名的队列 16 17 channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs', 18 queue=queue_name, 19 routing_key="Nice.#") #将队列与exchange绑定,并声明关键字 #代表只能匹配0个或者多个 20 21 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C') 22 23 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): 24 print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body)) 25 26 channel.basic_consume(callback, 27 queue=queue_name, 28 no_ack=True) 29 30 channel.start_consuming()
routing_key="Nice.#"