CentOS软件包管理之YUM

YUM(全称为Yellow dog Updater, Modified)是一个在RHEL系操作系统中的Shell前端软件包管理器。基于RPM包管理,能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装,可以自动处理依赖性关系,并且一次安装所有依赖的软件包,无须频繁地一次次下载、安装。

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YUM软件包仓库配置:

  YUM软件包管理器针对软件包的操作都要依赖yum的仓库来实现。而yum仓库的配置可以编辑yum的配置文件(/etc/yum.conf、/etc/yum.repos.d/*repo)来实现。 一般情况/etc/yum.conf下主要是yum的主配置文件,/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo主要是各个软件仓库的配置文件。

/etc/yum.conf:

CentOS软件包管理之YUM

/etc/yum.repos.d/media.repo:

CentOS软件包管理之YUM


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YUM安装、升级和删除软件包:
# yum {install | update | remove} PACKAGE_NAME ...

示例 1:
软件包的安装:

CentOS软件包管理之YUM

示例 2:
软件包的升级:

CentOS软件包管理之YUM

备注:yum update 后面跟随软件包名,是只检测指定的软件的更新

CentOS软件包管理之YUM

备注:yum update 命令检测系统上所有已安装软件的更新


示例 3:
软件包的删除:

CentOS软件包管理之YUM

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YUM安装、升级和删除软件包组:

# yum {groupinstall | groupupdate | groupremove} PACKAGEGROUP_NAME ...
// 安装打印服务包组
// 包组名称之间如果有空格,需要用引号引起来
[root@localhost ~]# yum groupinstall "Print Server"
// 升级打印服务包组
[root@localhost ~]# yum groupupdate "Print Server"
// 删除打印服务包组
[root@localhost ~]# yum groupremove "Print Server"


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YUM其他的选项:
# yum list [all | installed | updates | available]
# yum grouplist


//列出所有的软件包
//all可以省略
[root@localhost ~]# yum list all
[root@localhost ~]# yum list
//列出所有已安装的软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum list installed
//列出所有需要更新的软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum list updates
//列出所有可用软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum list available
//列出所有包组
[root@localhost ~]# yum grouplist

 

# yum repolist [all | enabled | disabled]
//yum repolist默认显示所有enabled软件仓库列表
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
//也可以手动指定enabled选项
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist enabled
//列出所有disabled软件仓库列表
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist disabled
//列出全部软件仓库列表
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist all

 

# yum info [all | installed | updates | available | PACKAGE_NAME]
//显示lftp软件包信息
[root@localhost ~]# yum info lftp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.hustunique.com
 * extras: mirrors.hustunique.com
 * updates: mirrors.hustunique.com
Installed Packages
Name        : lftp
Arch        : x86_64
Version    : 4.0.9
Release    : 1.el6_5.1
Size        : 2.5 M
Repo        : installed
From repo  : updates
Summary    : A sophisticated file transfer program
URL        : http://lftp.yar.ru/
License    : GPLv3+
Description : LFTP is a sophisticated ftp/http file transfer program. Like bash, it has job
            : control and uses the readline library for input. It has bookmarks, built-in
            : mirroring, and can transfer several files in parallel. It is designed with
            : reliability in mind.
Available Packages
Name        : lftp
Arch        : i686
Version    : 4.0.9
Release    : 1.el6_5.1
Size        : 735 k
Repo        : updates
Summary    : A sophisticated file transfer program
URL        : http://lftp.yar.ru/
License    : GPLv3+
Description : LFTP is a sophisticated ftp/http file transfer program. Like bash, it has job
            : control and uses the readline library for input. It has bookmarks, built-in
            : mirroring, and can transfer several files in parallel. It is designed with
            : reliability in mind.
//其他选项可以显示所有installed、updates、available和全部软件包的信息

 

# yum groupinfo "PACKAGE_GROUP_NAME"

//显示"Print Server"包组信息
[root@localhost ~]# yum groupinfo "Print Server"
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Setting up Group Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: ftp.stu.edu.tw
 * extras: mirrors.hustunique.com
 * updates: mirrors.hustunique.com
Group: Print Server
 Description: Allows the system to act as a print server. //描述
 Mandatory Packages:    //必须安装的包
  cups
  printer-filters
 Default Packages:      //默认安装的包
  foomatic-db-ppds
  gutenprint
  gutenprint-cups
  hpijs
  paps

 

# yum clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]
# yum makecache

 

//清除软件包缓冲
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean packages
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
0 package files removed
//清除软件包元数据缓冲
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean metadata
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
13 metadata files removed
9 sqlite files removed
0 metadata files removed
//清除过期缓冲
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean expire-cache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
0 metadata files removed
//清除rpmdb数据库
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean rpmdb
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
4 rpmdb files removed
//清除补丁缓冲
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean plugins
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
//清除所有缓冲
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
Cleaning up Everything
//重建缓冲
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
base                                                                                  | 3.7 kB    00:00   
base/group_gz                                                                        | 220 kB    00:01   
base/filelists_db                                                                    | 5.9 MB    00:44   
base/primary_db                                                                      | 4.4 MB    00:29   
base/other_db                                                                        | 2.8 MB    00:25   
extras                                                                                | 3.4 kB    00:00   
extras/filelists_db                                                                  |  11 kB    00:00   
extras/prestodelta                                                                    |  907 B    00:00   
extras/primary_db                                                                    |  19 kB    00:00   
extras/other_db                                                                      | 5.8 kB    00:00   
updates                                                                              | 3.4 kB    00:00   
updates/filelists_db                                                                  | 1.5 MB    00:17   
updates/prestodelta                                                                  | 156 kB    00:01   
updates/primary_db                                                                    | 2.1 MB    00:19   
updates/other_db                                                                      | 244 kB    00:01   
Metadata Cache Created

 

# yum check-update
# yum update [PACKAGE_NAME] ...
//检测系统已安装软件包是否有更新
[root@localhost ~]# yum check-update
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
initscripts.x86_64                                    9.03.40-2.el6.CentOS.1                        updates
libtiff.x86_64                                        3.9.4-10.el6_5                                updates
phonon-backend-gstreamer.x86_64                        1:4.6.2-28.el6_5                              updates
postfix.x86_64                                        2:2.6.6-6.el6_5                                updates
psmisc.x86_64                                          22.6-19.el6_5                                  updates
upstart.x86_64                                        0.6.5-13.el6_5.2                              updates
//更新软件包"postfix"
[root@localhost ~]# yum update postfix
//更新所有可更新的软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum update

 

# yum reinstall PACKAGE_NAME ...

//重新安装软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum reinstall lftp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Setting up Reinstall Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package lftp.x86_64 0:4.0.9-1.el6_5.1 will be reinstalled
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

 

# yum history
//查看此前yum操作历史
[root@localhost ~]# yum history
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
ID    | Login user              | Date and time    | Action(s)      | Altered
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    11 | root <root>              | 2014-03-01 23:31 | Install        |  30 
    10 | root <root>              | 2014-03-01 20:59 | Install        |    1 
    9 | root <root>              | 2014-03-01 20:50 | Erase          |    1 
    8 | root <root>              | 2014-03-01 20:47 | Install        |    1 
    7 | root <root>              | 2014-03-01 20:42 | Erase          |    1 EE
    6 | root <root>              | 2014-03-01 20:41 | Update        |    1  <
    5 | root <root>              | 2014-02-28 17:06 | Install        |    1 ><
    4 | root <root>              | 2014-02-28 15:56 | Install        |    8 >
    3 | root <root>              | 2014-02-28 13:09 | I, U          |  115 
    2 | root <root>              | 2014-02-17 17:20 | I, U          |  54 
    1 | System <unset>          | 2014-02-17 23:36 | Install        |  621 
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